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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/05/02 11:11:13」(JST)

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Lipolysis /lɨˈpɒlɨsɪs/ is the breakdown of lipids and involves hydrolysis of triglycerides into glycerol and free fatty acids. The following hormones induce lipolysis: epinephrine, norepinephrine, ghrelin, growth hormone, testosterone, and cortisol. These trigger 7TM receptors (G protein-coupled receptors), which activate adenylate cyclase. This results in increased production of cAMP, which activates protein kinase A, which subsequently activates lipases found in adipose tissue.

Triglycerides are transported through the blood to appropriate tissues (adipose, muscle, etc.) by lipoproteins such as VLDL (Very-Low-Density-Lipoproteins). Triglycerides present on the VLDL undergo lipolysis by the cellular lipases of target tissues, which yields glycerol and free fatty acids. Free fatty acids released into the blood are then available for cellular uptake.^[1] Free fatty acids not immediately taken up by cells may bind to albumin for transport to surrounding tissues that require energy. Serum albumin is the major carrier of free fatty acids in the blood.^[2] The glycerol also enters the bloodstream and is absorbed by the liver or kidney where it is converted to glycerol 3-phosphate by the enzyme glycerol kinase. Hepatic glycerol 3-phosphate is converted mostly into dihydroxyacetonephosphate (DHAP) and then glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GA3P) to rejoin the glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathway.

While lipolysis is triglyceride hydrolysis (the process by which triglycerides are broken down), esterification is the process by which triglycerides are formed. Esterification and lipolysis are, in essence, reversals of one another.^[3]

References

^ Michael W King, PhD. "Oxidation of Fatty Acids". themedicalbiochemistrypage.org, LLC. Retrieved 9 April 2012.
^ Tom Brody, Nutritional Biochemistry, (Academic Press, 2nd edition 1999), 215-216. ISBN 0121348369
^ Baldwin, Kenneth David Sutherland; Brooks, George H.; Fahey, Thomas D. (2005). Exercise physiology: human bioenergetics and its applications. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-255642-0.

External links

Lipolysis at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

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English Journal

The increased activity of liver lysosomal lipase in nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease contributes to the development of hepatic insulin resistance.

Cahova M, Dankova H, Palenickova E, Papackova Z, Komers R, Zdychova J, Sticova E, Kazdova L.SourceDepartment of Metabolism and Diabetes, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 14021 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
Biochemistry research international.Biochem Res Int.2012;2012:135723. Epub 2011 Aug 23.
We tested the hypothesis that TAG accumulation in the liver induced by short-term high-fat diet (HFD) in rats leads to the dysregulation of endogenous TAG degradation by lysosomal lipase (LIPA) via lysosomal pathway and is causally linked with the onset of hepatic insulin resistance. We found that L
PMID 21904679

Effect of high-pressure treatment on the fatty acid composition of intramuscular lipid in pork.

He Z, Huang Y, Li H, Qin G, Wang T, Yang J.AbstractTo investigate the effect of high-pressure (HP) treatment on lipid oxidation and fatty acid composition of intramuscular lipid in pork, the longissimus muscles from Rongchang (RC) pig were pressurized at 200, 350 and 500MPa for 20min at 20°C prior to 7days storage at 4°C. The changes in TBARS number, lipid content and fatty acid composition of total intramuscular lipids, phospholipids, triglycerides and free fatty acids in untreated and HP treated samples were analyzed. HP treatment had no significant effect on the content and fatty acid composition of total lipids and triglycerides in the samples, but treatment at 350MPa and above led to marked increases in TBARS values and lipolysis of partial phospholipids causing a correlative increase of free fatty acid content. A preferential hydrolysis for polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in phospholipids was observed, which resulted in the percentage of PUFA in phospholipids decreasing markedly and thereby that in free fatty acids increasing significantly.
Meat science.Meat Sci.2012 Jan;90(1):170-5. Epub 2011 Jul 5.
To investigate the effect of high-pressure (HP) treatment on lipid oxidation and fatty acid composition of intramuscular lipid in pork, the longissimus muscles from Rongchang (RC) pig were pressurized at 200, 350 and 500MPa for 20min at 20°C prior to 7days storage at 4°C. The changes in TBARS numb
PMID 21807468

Japanese Journal

Capsaicinoids-induced changes of plasma glucose, free fatty acid and glycerol concentrations in rats

IMAIZUMI Kazuhiko,SATO Shogo,KUMAZAWA Mari,ARAI Natsuko,ARITOSHI Shoko,AKIMOTO Shunta,SAKAKIBARA Yuko,KAWASHIMA Yu,TACHIYASHIKI Kaoru
Journal of toxicological sciences 36(1), 109-116, 2011-02-01
… However, there is a little information on the effects of capsaicinoids on the lipolysis and carbohydrate metabolism. …
NAID 10027420524

Citrus paradisi Macf.香気成分のマウス脂質代謝に対する影響

芳野恭士,岸由紀乃,後藤はるな
沼津工業高等専門学校研究報告 45, 351-354, 2011-01-31
… However, the concentration of plasma glycerol in mice as an index of lipolysis tended to be high at a dose of 50 μL. … These results suggest that the olfactory stimulation with scent of grapefruit essential oil would suppress the body weight and the food intake, and enhance lipolysis in mice. …
NAID 110008577821