lingual tonsil

WordNet

1. pertaining to or resembling or lying near the tongue; "lingual inflammation"; "the lingual surface of the teeth"
2. a consonant that is produced with the tongue and other speech organs
3. either of two masses of lymphatic tissue one on each side of the oral pharynx (同)palatine_tonsil, faucial_tonsil, tonsilla
4. a large number or amount; "made lots of new friends"; "she amassed stacks of newspapers" (同)dozens, heaps, lots, piles, scores, stacks, loads, rafts, slews, wads, oodles, gobs, scads, lashings

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 舌の / 舌音の / 言語の
2. 扁桃腺(へんとうせん)
3. 舌,舌状の器官 / 言語

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/05/17 11:34:40」(JST)

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Lingual tonsils
Tongue
Details
System	Immune system (Lymphatic system)
Latin	tonsilla lingualis
Dorlands /Elsevier	t_13/12812439
Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata]

The lingual tonsils are two small mounds of lymphatic tissue located at the back of the base of the tongue, one on either side. They are composed of lymphatic tissue that functions to assist the immune system in the production of antibodies in response to invading pathogenic bacteria or viruses. If the tonsils are repeatedly swollen or infected over an extended period of time, they may need to be removed.

Function

Tonsils and the throat–lingual tonsils labelled

Like other lymphatic tissues, the function of lingual tonsils is to prevent infections. These tonsils contain B and T lymphocytes which get activated when harmful bacteria and viruses come in contact with tonsils. B lymphocytes kill pathogens by producing antibodies against them, while T lymphocytes directly kill them by engulfing them.

Histology

Lingual tonsils are covered externally by stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium. The epithelium invaginates inward to form a single crypt. Beneath the epithelium is a layer of lymphoid nodules containing lymphocytes. These tonsils are surrounded by thin capsule of connective tissue which separates them from adjacent structures. Mucous glands located at the root of tongue are drained through several ducts into the crypt of lingual tonsils. Secretions of these mucous glands keep the crypt clean and free of any debris. Therefore, the lingual tonsils are less prone to infection.

Blood supply

Lingual tonsils are located on posterior aspect of tongue which is supplied through:

• Lingual artery, branch of external carotid artery
• Tonsillar branch of facial artery
• Ascending pharyngeal branch of external carotid artery

Nerve supply

Lingual tonsils are innervated by tonsillar branches of glossopharyngeal nerve.That is located at the back of the tongue.

Pathology

An infection of the lingual tonsils causes many uncomfortable symptoms, including a sore throat and very painful swallowing. Swollen tonsils are often easily visible on the back of both sides of the tongue, a condition called tonsillitis. A fever may develop as the immune system tries to fight off the infection. A medical professional can visibly examine the tonsils to see if a bacterial culture should be made from a throat swab. Preliminary antibiotics may be prescribed until the results of the culture have returned from the laboratory. If no bacteria are revealed in the cultures, the antibiotics will be discontinued. If the infection is caused by a virus, the healthcare professional may be able to prescribe medication to relieve the painful sore throat and other uncomfortable symptoms. A solution of salt and water can be gargled to relieve some of the sore throat pain. The salt water also acts as an antiseptic rinse for the tonsil.

Extreme cases

In extreme cases, the inflamed lingual tonsil may grow large enough to block the airway, which can make breathing and speaking very difficult. Some people develop obstructive sleep apnea as the tonsils enlarge. A surgical procedure called coblation lingual tonsillectomy is used to remove the inflamed tonsils and restore the airway.

Surgery

During the tonsillectomy, the patient is put to sleep with general anesthesia. The surgeon removes the lingual tissue and seals the excision area. After the procedure, antibiotics and painkillers are prescribed for up to 10 days. A diet of soft and cold foods is recommended for at least the first three days after surgery.

Clinical

Lingual tonsillitis

Infection of lingual tonsils causes their inflammation, a condition called tonsillitis. Inflammation of these tonsils makes the swallowing very difficult and painful. The other symptoms of tonsillitis are sore throat and fever.

Hypertrophy of lingual tonsils

Sometimes, the lingual tonsils become so enlarged that they obstruct the respiratory passage, leading to breathing difficulty. These hypertrophied tonsils are removed through tonsillectomy.

Lingual tonsils cancer

Squamous cell carcinoma of lingual tonsils occurs in people above 50 years of age.

Additional images

• Lingual tonsils not labeled, but would be at very back of tongue

• Lymphatics of the tongue

• Lingual tonsil

• Lingual tonsil

• Lingual tonsils

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

External links

• Pictures at usc.edu
• Anatomy Atlases - Microscopic Anatomy, plate 09.163
• Histology image: 09802loa – Histology Learning System at Boston University
• MedEd at Loyola histo/HistoImages/hl6-27.jpg (labeled as 'lymphoid tissue')]
• Diagram at healthopedia.com
• Diagram at enotes.com
• [1]

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 成人における扁桃摘出：適応 tonsillectomy in adults indications
• 2. 小児における身体的診察：HEENT the pediatric physical examination heent
• 3. 下顎、口、口腔、および咽頭の先天異常 congenital anomalies of the jaw mouth oral cavity and pharynx
• 4. 口臭 bad breath
• 5. 成人における扁桃摘出：外科手技 tonsillectomy in adults operative procedures

English Journal

• The changing incidence of human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal cancer using multiple imputation from 2000 to 2010 at a Comprehensive Cancer Centre.

• Habbous S, Chu KP, Qiu X, La Delfa A, Harland LT, Fadhel E, Hui A, Perez-Ordonez B, Weinreb I, Liu FF, Waldron J, O'Sullivan B, Goldstein D, Xu W, Huang SH, Liu G.SourceOntario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G2M9.
• Cancer epidemiology.Cancer Epidemiol.2013 Dec;37(6):820-9. doi: 10.1016/j.canep.2013.09.011. Epub 2013 Nov 1.
• Introduction Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a risk and prognostic factor for oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). Determining whether the incidence of HPV-associated OPC is rising informs health policy. Methods HPV status was ascribed using p16 immunohistochemistry in 683/1474 OPC patients identified from the
• PMID 24184275

• The role of Solobacterium moorei in oral malodour.

• Vancauwenberghe F, Dadamio J, Laleman I, Van Tornout M, Teughels W, Coucke W, Quirynen M.SourceDepartment of Oral Health Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium.
• Journal of breath research.J Breath Res.2013 Dec;7(4):046006. doi: 10.1088/1752-7155/7/4/046006. Epub 2013 Nov 1.
• This study aims to analyze the correlation between Solobacterium moorei (S. moorei), both on the tongue and in saliva, and several oral malodour- and clinical parameters. Data from 193 patients visiting a halitosis clinic were used for analysis. A questionnaire assessed their general health, allergi
• PMID 24185504

• The prognostic significance of the biomarker p16 in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

• Oguejiofor KK, Hall JS, Mani N, Douglas C, Slevin NJ, Homer J, Hall G, West CM.SourceTranslational Radiobiology Group, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
• Clinical oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain)).Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol).2013 Nov;25(11):630-8. doi: 10.1016/j.clon.2013.07.003. Epub 2013 Jul 31.
• AIMS: There is an increasing incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell cancers (OPSCC) mostly associated with favourable outcomes. p16 immunohistochemistry is a surrogate marker for HPV positivity in OPSCC. The prognostic strength of p16 over traditional prognostic
• PMID 23916365

Japanese Journal

• コブレーションシステムを用いて舌扁桃切除術を行った舌扁桃肥大例

• 菊池 恒,笹村 佳美,市村 恵一
• 口腔・咽頭科 = Stomato-pharyngology 25(1), 127-132, 2012-03-31
• NAID 10030552790

• 舌扁桃肥大による挿管困難に対し, エアウェイスコープ^【○!R】補助下の気管支ファイバースコープ挿管が有効であった1症例

• 駒澤 伸泰,真鍋 佐和,植木 隆介,井谷 基,多田羅 恒雄,上農 喜朗
• 日本臨床麻酔学会誌 = The Journal of Japan Society for Clinical Anesthesia 31(1), 182-186, 2011-01-14
• NAID 10027753288

• 口蓋扁桃摘出術後の挿管困難2症例--舌扁桃肥大に対する考察

• 細谷 真人,矢口 裕一,猪股 伸一
• 麻酔 58(11), 1462-1464, 2009-11-00
• NAID 40016885065

Related Links

• Lingual Tonsil - YouTube

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• Lingual tonsil | definition of lingual tonsil by Medical dictionary

lin·gual ton·sil [TA] a collection of lymphoid follicles on the posterior or pharyngeal portion of the dorsum of the tongue. Synonym(s): tonsilla lingualis [TA] lingual tonsil n. A collection of lymphoid follicles on the posterior portion of the ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「舌扁桃」
関連記事	「lingual」

「舌扁桃」

　　[★]

英

lingual tonsil (Z)

ラ

tonsilla lingualis

同

舌濾胞 lingual follicle

関

扁桃

「lingual」

　　[★]

• 舌の

関

tongue