乳管
- 関
- ductus lactiferi、latex tube
WordNet
- a plant duct containing latex
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2015/07/11 16:01:42」(JST)
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A laticifer is a type of elongated secretory cell found in the leaves and/or stems of plants that produce latex and rubber as secondary metabolites. Laticifers may be divided into:
- Articulated laticifers, i.e., composed of a series of cells joined together, or
- Non-articulated laticifers, consisting of one long coenocytic cell.
Non-articulated laticifers begin their growth from the meristematic tissue of the embryo, termed the laticifer initial, and can exhibit continual growth throughout the lifetime of the plant.[1][2] Laticifer tubes have irregularly edged walls and a larger inner diameter than the surrounding parenchyma cells.[3] In the development of the cell, elongation occurs via karyokinesis and no cell plate develops resulting in coenocytic cells which extend throughout the plant.[2] These cells can reach up to tens of centimeters long and can be branched or unbranched. They are thought to have a role in wound healing and as defense against herbivory, as well as pathogen defense, and are often used for taxonomy.
Laticifers were first described by H. A. de Barry in 1877.
Laticifers are highly specialized cells with unique DNA which can produce a wide variety of proteins.[4] These proteins include enzymes functioning as proteinases and chitinases which help defend the producing plant against insects and other herbivores. In one study it was found that the presence and concentration of some proteins can differ greatly within the genus Croton relative to three species studied.[4]
Cell Turgor
Pressurized flow of latex has been studied in multiple Asclepias species as a form of defense in addition to the secondary metabolites stored in the latex.[5] In order to augment the defense of the plant some non-articulated laticifer cells contain highly pressurized stores of latex. It has been noted that pressure may be produced by the osmotic uptake of water into the laticifer cell resulting in a turgid cell.[6] When pierced the cell bursts and latex travels quickly through the canal system to stop the herbivore.[7] A desert species, Bursera schlechtendalii, pressurizes the canals right where leaves attach to the stem so that when a grazer eats a leaf latex shoots out. This process is termed the “squirt gun” defense.[8]
References
- ^ Mahlberg, P. G., and P. S. Sabharwal. 1968. Origin and early development of nonarticulated laticifers in embryos of Euphorbia marginata. American Journal of Botany 55: 375-381.
- ^ a b Rajeswari, B., S. P. Kumar, A. P. Rao, and P. S. S. V. Khan. 2014. A Distribution and ultrastructure of laticifers in the phylloclade of Euphorbia caducifolia Haines, a potential hydrocarbon yielding CAM plant. American journal of Plant Sciences 5: 70-79.
- ^ Farías, F. R., J. S. Williamson, S. V. Rodríguez, G. Angeles, and V. O. Portugal. 2009. Bark anatomy in Croton draco var. draco (Euphorbiaceae). American Journal of Botany 96: 2155-2167
- ^ a b de Freitas, C. D. T., D. P. de Souza, E. S. Araújo, M. G. Cavalheiro, L. S. Oliveira, and M. V. Ramos. 2010. Anti-oxidative and proteolytic activities and protein profile of laticifer cells of Cryptostegia grandiflora, Plumeria rubra and Euphorbia tirucalli. Brazilian Society of Plant Physiology 22: 11-22.
- ^ Agrawal, A. A., and K. Konno. 2009. Latex: A model for understanding mechanisms, ecology, and evolution of plant defense against herbivory. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 40: 311-331.
- ^ Pickard, W. F. 2007. Laticifers and Secretory Ducts: Two Other Tube Systems in Plants. New Phytologist 177: 877-888.
- ^ Farrell, B. D., D. E. Dussourd, and C. Mitter. 1991. Escalation of plant defense: do latex and resin canals spur plant diversification? American Naturalist 138: 881-900.
- ^ Becerra, J. X., and D. L. Venable. 1990. Rapid-terpene-bath and "squirt-gun" defense in Bursera schlechtendalii and the counterploy of chrysomelid beetles. Biotropica 22: 320-323.
- Taiz and Zeiger. 1998. Plant Physiology Sinauer
- Mahlberg P. G. 1993. Laticifers - an historical perspective. Botanical Review 59: 1-23
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Cell-specific localization of alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus stem tissue measured with Imaging MS and Single-cell MS.
- Yamamoto K1, Takahashi K2, Mizuno H3, Anegawa A1, Ishizaki K1, Fukaki H1, Ohnishi M1, Yamazaki M4, Masujima T5, Mimura T6.
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.2016 Mar 21. pii: 201521959. [Epub ahead of print]
- Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don is a medicinal plant well known for producing antitumor drugs such as vinblastine and vincristine, which are classified as terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs). The TIA metabolic pathway in C. roseus has been extensively studied. However, the localization of TIA intermed
- PMID 27001858
- Comparative proteomic analysis of latex from Hevea brasiliensis treated with Ethrel and methyl jasmonate using iTRAQ-coupled two-dimensional LC-MS/MS.
- Dai L1, Kang G2, Nie Z3, Li Y4, Zeng R5.
- Journal of proteomics.J Proteomics.2016 Jan 30;132:167-75. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.11.012. Epub 2015 Nov 12.
- Ethrel (ET) is an effective and widely used latex yield stimulant of Hevea brasiliensis (Pará rubber tree), and jasmonate (JA) is a key inducer of laticifer differentiation in this plant. To examine variations in the latex proteome caused by these phytohormones, ET and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) were
- PMID 26581641
- Profiling Ethylene-Responsive Genes Expressed in the Latex of the Mature Virgin Rubber Trees Using cDNA Microarray.
- Nie Z1, Kang G1, Duan C1, Li Y1, Dai L1, Zeng R1.
- PloS one.PLoS One.2016 Mar 17;11(3):e0152039. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152039. eCollection 2016.
- Ethylene is commonly used as a latex stimulant of Hevea brasiliensis by application of ethephon (chloro-2-ethylphosphonic acid); however, the molecular mechanism by which ethylene increases latex production is not clear. To better understand the effects of ethylene stimulation on the laticiferous ce
- PMID 26985821
Japanese Journal
- Transcriptional responses of laticifer-specific genes to phytohormones in a suspension-cultured cell line derived from petioles of Hevea brasiliensis
- Transcriptional responses of laticifer-specific genes to phytohormones in a suspension-cultured cell line derived from petioles of Hevea brasiliensis
- Laticifers in mulberry exclusively accumulate defense proteins related to biotic stresses
Related Links
- laticifer / leɪˈtɪs ə fər / Show Spelled [ley-tis-uh-fer] Show IPA noun Botany. a tubular structure through which latex circulates in a plant. Origin: 1925–30; Latin latici-(stem of latex; see latex) + -fer Dictionary.com Unabridged Based ...
- la·tic·i·fer noun \lā-ˈ ti-sə-fər\ Definition of LATICIFER: a plant cell or vessel that contains latex Origin of LATICIFER International Scientific Vocabulary latici-(from New Latin latic-, latex) + -fer First Known Use: circa 1928 Browse Next ...
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
乳管
- 関
- ductus lactiferi、laticifer
[★]
乳管
- 関
- latex tube、laticifer