関: lactitol hydrate

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/01/15 06:41:26」(JST)

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Lactitol is a sugar alcohol used as a replacement bulk sweetener for low calorie foods with approximately 40% of the sweetness of sugar. It is also used medically as a laxative. Lactitol is produced by two manufacturers, Danisco and Purac Biochem.

Applications

Lactitol is used in a variety of low food energy or low fat foods. High stability makes it popular for baking. It is used in sugar-free candies, cookies (biscuits), chocolate, and ice cream. Lactitol also promotes colon health as a prebiotic. Because of poor absorption, lactitol only has 2.4 Calories (9 kilojoules) per gram, compared to 4 Calories (17 kJ) per gram for typical carbohydrates.

Lactitol is listed as an excipient in some prescription drugs, such as Adderall.^[1]

Lactitol is a laxative and is used to prevent or treat constipation, e.g. under the trade name Importal.^[2]

Lactitol in combination with Ispaghula husk is an approved combination for idiopathic constipation as a laxative and is used to prevent or treat constipation.

Safety and health

Lactitol, erythritol, sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, and maltitol are all sugar alcohols. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) classifies sugar alcohols as "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS). They are approved as food additives, and are recognized as not contributing to tooth decay or causing increases in blood glucose. Lactitol is also approved for use in foods in most countries around the world.

Like most other sugar alcohols (with the exception of erythritol), lactitol can cause cramping, flatulence, and diarrhea in some individuals. This is because humans lack a suitable beta-galactosidase in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and a majority of ingested lactitol reaches the large intestine,^[3] where it then becomes fermentable to gut microbes (prebiotic) and can pull water into the gut by osmosis. In a human study with sweetened chocolate, consumption of 5 g per day or less resulted in no GI changes, and 10 g per day caused few changes.^[4] Those with other health conditions should consult their GP or dietician prior to consumption.

References

^ Adderall, drugs.com
^ FASS.se (the Swedish Medicines Information Engine). Revised 2003-02-12.
^ Grimble GK, Patil DH, Silk DB (1988). "Assimilation of lactitol, an unabsorbed disaccharide in the normal human colon". Gut 29 (12): 1666–1671. doi:10.1136/gut.29.12.1666. PMC 1434111. PMID 3220306. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1434111/.
^ Finney, Michelle; Smullen, Joanne; Foster, Howard A.; Brokx, Saskia; Storey, David M. (2007). "Effects of low doses of lactitol on faecal microflora, pH, short chain fatty acids and gastrointestinal symptomology". European Journal of Nutrition 46 (6): 307–14. doi:10.1007/s00394-007-0666-7. PMID 17623227.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人における肝性脳症：治療 hepatic encephalopathy in adults treatment
2. 患者情報：2型糖尿病と食事（詳細） type 2 diabetes mellitus and diet beyond the basics
3. 経頸静脈的肝内門脈大循環短絡術：合併症 transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts complications
4. 患者情報：1型糖尿病と食事（詳細） type 1 diabetes mellitus and diet beyond the basics

English Journal

Antioxidant protective effects of lactitol against endotoxemia in patients with chronic viral hepatitis.

Chen C, Yu X, Lu H, Xiao D, Mao W, Li L.SourceState Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.
Molecular medicine reports.Mol Med Report.2013 Feb;7(2):401-5. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2012.1188. Epub 2012 Nov 16.
Although antiviral drugs are widely used in the clinic, progression to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma cannot yet be entirely prevented. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of lactitol in chronic viral hepatitis patients with endotoxemi
PMID 23165913

Effect of feeding a selected combination of galacto-oligosaccharides and a strain of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum on the intestinal microbiota of cats.

Biagi G, Cipollini I, Bonaldo A, Grandi M, Pompei A, Stefanelli C, Zaghini G.SourceDepartment of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy.
American journal of veterinary research.Am J Vet Res.2013 Jan;74(1):90-5. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.74.1.90.
Objective-To evaluate the growth kinetics of a strain of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum (BP) on 4 oligo- or polysaccharides and the effect of feeding a selected probiotic-prebiotic combination on intestinal microbiota in cats. Animals-10 healthy adult cats. Procedures-Growth kinetics of a str
PMID 23270351

Lactulose, rifaximin or branched chain amino acids for hepatic encephalopathy: what is the evidence?

Gluud LL, Dam G, Borre M, Les I, Cordoba J, Marchesini G, Aagaard NK, Vilstrup H.SourceDepartment of Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark, liselottegluud@yahoo.dk.
Metabolic brain disease.Metab Brain Dis.2012 Dec 29. [Epub ahead of print]
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a serious complication of acute and chronic liver disease associated with severe morbidity and mortality. We performed updated random effects meta-analyses to evaluate the evidence for non-absorbable disaccharides (lactulose and lactitol), rifaximin and branched chain
PMID 23275147

Japanese Journal

Preparation of D-Gulose from Disaccharide Lactitol Using Microbial and Chemical Methods

MORIMOTO Kenji,SHIMONISHI Tsuyoshi,MIYAKE Seiki,TAKATA Goro,IZUMORI Ken
Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 77(2), 253-258, 2013-02-23
NAID 10031164724

Preparation of D-Gulose from Disaccharide Lactitol Using Microbial and Chemical Methods

MORIMOTO Kenji,SHIMONISHI Tsuyoshi,MIYAKE Seiki [他]
Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 77(2), 253-258, 2013-02
NAID 40019593110

ラクチトールからトレハロースヘ : 糖類含浸法の新展開

伊藤幸司,藤田浩明,今津節生
考古学と自然科学 : 日本文化財科学会誌 (65), 1-13, 2013
NAID 40019881274

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拡張検索	「lactitol hydrate」「dianhydrogalactitol」

「ラクチトール」

Lactitol
	IUPAC name 4-O-α-D-Galactopyranosyl-D-glucitol
	Other names Lactitol; Lacty
Identifiers
CAS number	585-86-4
PubChem	157355
ChemSpider	138481
KEGG	D08266
ATC code	A06AD12
Jmol-3D images	Image 1
	SMILES O([C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)CO)[C@H](O)CO)[C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O)CO ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C12H24O11/c13-1-4(16)7(18)11(5(17)2-14)23-12-10(21)9(20)8(19)6(3-15)22-12/h4-21H,1-3H2/t4-,5+,6+,7+,8-,9-,10+,11+,12-/m0/s1 ; Key: VQHSOMBJVWLPSR-JVCRWLNRSA-N InChI=1/C12H24O11/c13-1-4(16)7(18)11(5(17)2-14)23-12-10(21)9(20)8(19)6(3-15)22-12/h4-21H,1-3H2/t4-,5+,6+,7+,8-,9-,10+,11+,12-/m0/s1; Key: VQHSOMBJVWLPSR-JVCRWLNRBY ;
Properties
Molecular formula	C12H24O11
Molar mass	344.31 g mol−1
Melting point	146 °C
	(verify) (what is: /?); Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
	Infobox references

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英: lactitol、lactitol hydrate
関: ラクチトール水和物

「lactitol hydrate」

　　[★]

ラクチトール水和物

関: lactitol

「dianhydrogalactitol」

　　[★]

ジアンヒドロガラクチトール

[1] Adderall, drugs.com

[2] FASS.se (the Swedish Medicines Information Engine). Revised 2003-02-12.

[3] Grimble GK, Patil DH, Silk DB (1988). "Assimilation of lactitol, an unabsorbed disaccharide in the normal human colon". Gut 29 (12): 1666–1671. doi:10.1136/gut.29.12.1666. PMC 1434111. PMID 3220306. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1434111/.

[4] Finney, Michelle; Smullen, Joanne; Foster, Howard A.; Brokx, Saskia; Storey, David M. (2007). "Effects of low doses of lactitol on faecal microflora, pH, short chain fatty acids and gastrointestinal symptomology". European Journal of Nutrition 46 (6): 307–14. doi:10.1007/s00394-007-0666-7. PMID 17623227.

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lactitol