knock-knee

　 　

WordNet

1. an inward slant of the thigh (同)genu_valgum, tibia valga
2. having the knees abnormally close together and the ankles wide apart
3. rap with the knuckles; "knock on the door"
4. the act of hitting vigorously; "he gave the table a whack" (同)belt, rap, whack, whang
5. a vigorous blow; "the sudden knock floored him"; "he took a bash right in his face"; "he got a bang on the head" (同)bash, bang, smash, belt
6. the sound of knocking (as on a door or in an engine or bearing); "the knocking grew louder" (同)knocking
7. negative criticism (同)roast
8. a bad experience; "the school of hard knocks"
9. find fault with; express criticism of; point out real or perceived flaws; "The paper criticized the new movie"; "Dont knock the food--its free" (同)criticize, criticise, pick apart
10. deliver a sharp blow or push :"He knocked the glass clear across the room" (同)strike hard
11. the part of a trouser leg that provides the cloth covering for the knee
12. hinge joint in the human leg connecting the tibia and fibula with the femur and protected in front by the patella (同)knee_joint, human knee, articulatio genus, genu

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈U〉(足の)わん曲 / 《複数形で》X脚,内わに足
2. 内またの
3. (音がするくらい強く)…‘を'『たたく』,『打つ』,なぐる / (…に)〈体・体の一部〉‘を'『ぶつける』《+『名』+『against』(『on』)+『名』》 / 《副詞[句]を伴って》…‘を'打って(ある状態などに)する / 〈穴など〉‘を'打ってあける / 《俗》…‘を'けなす,こきおろす / 《英俗》…‘を'びっくりさせる,‘に'ショックを与える / (…を)コツコツとたたく《+『on』(『at』)+『名』》 / (…に)ぶつかる,衝突する《+『against』(『into』)+『名』》 / (故障などで)〈エンジンなどが〉ガタガタいう,ノッキングを起こす / (…を)『打つこと』,(…に対する)一打(撃)《+『on』+『名』》 / (…を)ノックすること(音)《+『on』(『at』)+『名』》 / (エンジンの)ノック,ノッキング / 《話》不運;悪評
4. 『ひざ』,ひざがしら / (洋服の)ひざの部分;ひざのように曲がった物 / …‘を'ひざでける

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/09/22 13:34:10」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Genu valgum
Classification and external resources
ICD-10	Q74.1
ICD-9	736.41, 755.64
DiseasesDB	29408
MedlinePlus	001263
eMedicine	orthoped/495

Genu valgum, commonly called "knock-knee", is a condition in which the knees angle in and touch one another when the legs are straightened. Individuals with severe valgus deformities are typically unable to touch their feet together while simultaneously straightening the legs. The term originates from the Latin genu, "knee", and valgus which actually means bent outwards, but in this case, it is used to describe the distal portion of the knee joint which bends outwards and thus the proximal portion seems to be bent inwards. For citation and more information on uses of the words Valgus and Varus, please visit the internal link to -varus.

Mild genu valgum can be seen in children from ages 2 to 5, and is often corrected naturally as children grow. However, the condition may continue or worsen with age, particularly when it is the result of a disease, such as rickets or obesity. Idiopathic genu valgum is a form that is either congenital or has no known cause.

Other systemic conditions may be associated, such as Schnyder crystalline corneal dystrophy, an autosomal dominant condition frequently reported with hyperlipidemia.

Treatment

Persons with knock knees often have collapsed inner arches of their feet, and their inner ankle bones are generally lower than their outer ankle bones. Adults with uncorrected genu valgum are typically prone to injury and chronic knee problems such as chondromalacia and osteoarthritis. These in turn can cause severe pain and problems in walking.

It is normal for children to have knock knees between the ages of two and five years of age, and almost all of them resolve as the child grows older. If symptoms are prolonged and pronounced or hereditary, doctors often use orthotic shoes or leg braces at night to gently move a child's leg back into position. If the conditions persists and worsens later in life, surgery may be required to relieve pain and complications resulting from severe or hereditary genu valgum. Available surgical procedures include adjustments to the lower femur and total knee replacement (TKR).

Weight loss and substitution of low-impact for high-impact exercise can help slow progression of the condition. With every step, the patient's weight places a distortion on the knee toward a knocked knee position, and the effect is increased with increased angle or increased weight. Even in the normal knee position, the femurs function at an angle because they connect to the hip girdle at points much further apart than they connect at the knees.

Physical therapy is generally of benefit to people with knock knees. To correct knock knees, the entire leg must be treated, especially:

1. Activating and developing the arches of the feet,
2. Waking up the inner leg muscles (adductors), and
3. Learning how to move the inner ankle bone inwards towards the outer ankle bone, and upwards towards the knee.

Working with a physical medicine specialist such as a physiatrist, or with a physiotherapist, or osteopath may assist a patient learning how to improve outcomes and use the leg muscles properly to support the bone structures. Alternative or complementary treatments may include certain procedures from Iyengar Yoga or the Feldenkrais Method.

Rarely, the bone malformation underlying knock knees can be traced to a lack of nutrition necessary for bone growth, which can cause conditions such as rickets (lack of bone nutrients, especially dietary vitamin D and calcium), or scurvy (lack of vitamin C). The correction of the underlying vitamin deficiency may restore a more normal progression of bone growth.

Diagnostic test

The degree of genu valgum can be estimated by the Q angle, which is the angle formed by a line drawn from the anterior superior iliac spine through the center of the patella and a line drawn from the center of the patella to the center of the tibial tubercle. In women, the Q angle should be less than 22 degrees with the knee in extension and less than 9 degrees with the knee in 90 degrees of flexion. In men, the Q angle should be less than 18 degrees with the knee in extension and less than 8 degrees with the knee in 90 degrees of flexion. A typical Q angle is 12 degrees for men and 17 degrees for women.

See also

• Genu varum (bow-legs)
• Genu recurvatum (back knee)
• Knee pain
• Knee osteoarthritis

References

External links

• 1697644537 at GPnotebook
• Spencer, Samantha. "Knock knees". Boston Children's Hospital. 
• Genu valgum, from Duke University's Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics
• Treating knock knee - UK NHS

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 外反膝の小児に対するアプローチ approach to the child with knock knees
• 2. 膝の疼痛がみられる運動選手または活動的な成人に対するアプローチ approach to the athlete or active adult with knee pain
• 3. 成人における膝痛の総合的評価 general evaluation of the adult with knee pain
• 4. Iliotibial band syndrome
• 5. 滑膜ひだ症候群（タナ障害） plica syndrome

English Journal

• A pilot study to profile the lower limb musculoskeletal health in children with obesity.

• O'Malley G, Hussey J, Roche E.SourcePhysiotherapy Department, Children's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
• Pediatric physical therapy : the official publication of the Section on Pediatrics of the American Physical Therapy Association.Pediatr Phys Ther.2012 Fall;24(3):292-8.
• PURPOSE: : Evidence suggests a negative effect of obesity on musculoskeletal health in children. A pilot study was undertaken to investigate the presence of musculoskeletal impairments in children with obesity and to explore the relationships among body mass index, physical activity, and musculoskel
• PMID 22735484

• Pathologic Femur Fracture Due to a Brown Tumor in a Patient With Secondary Hyperparathyroidism and Vitamin D-Resistant Rickets.

• Wallace E, Day M, Fadare O, Schaefer H.SourceNephrology Division, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.
• American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.Am J Kidney Dis.2012 Sep 5. [Epub ahead of print]
• Vitamin D-resistant rickets is the common clinical outcome of multiple genetic mutations that alter the regulation of phosphorus and vitamin D metabolism, mainly through their effects on fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23). These diseases typically present in childhood with the classic physical exa
• PMID 22959760

Related Links

• Genu valgum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Genu valgum, commonly called "knock-knee", is a condition where the knees angle in and touch one another when the legs are straightened. Individuals with severe valgus deformities are typically unable to touch their feet together while ...

• Knock knee - NHS Choices

Read information from the NHS about knock knee (genu valgum), which is an abnormal curvature of the legs, resulting in a large gap between the feet and ankles when the knees are touching.

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「外反膝」
関連記事	「knock」

「外反膝」

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英

genu valgum, knock-knee

同

X脚 X-Bein

関

内反膝

「knock」

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