interjection

　 　

WordNet

1. the action of interjecting or interposing an action or remark that interrupts (同)interposition, interpolation, interpellation

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈U〉(言葉などを)不意に差しはさむこと / 〈C〉不意の叫び,感嘆の言葉,不意の質問 / 〈C〉『間投詞』,感嘆詞(Oh!Ah!など)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/15 14:22:24」(JST)

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English grammar
Adjectives Adverbs Articles Clauses Compounds Conditionals Conjunctions Determiners Gender Idiom Interjections Inversion Nouns Pronouns Phrases Plurals Possessives Prepositions Verbs Auxiliaries, contractions Irregular verbs Modal verbs Passive voice Phrasal verbs Subjunctive Verb usage Grammar disputes

In grammar, an interjection or exclamation may be a word used to express an emotion or sentiment on the part of the speaker (although most interjections have clear definitions). Filled pauses such as uh, er, um are also considered interjections. Interjections are often placed at the beginning of a sentence.

An interjection is sometimes expressed as a single word or non-sentence phrase, followed by a punctuation mark. The isolated usage of an interjection does not represent a complete sentence in conventional English writing. Thus, in formal writing, the interjection will be incorporated into a larger sentence clause.

Interjection as a figure of speech refers to the use of one word. For example, lawyers in the United States of America traditionally say: Objection! or soldiers: Fire!.

Examples in English

Conventions like Hi, Bye and Goodbye are interjections, as are exclamations like Cheers! and Hooray!. They are very often characterized by exclamation marks depending on the stress of the attitude or the force of the emotion they are expressing. Well (a short form of "that is well") can also be used as an interjection: "Well! That's great!" or "Well, don't worry." Much profanity takes the form of interjections. Some linguists consider the pro-sentences yes, no, amen and okay as interjections, since they have no syntactical connection with other words and rather work as sentences themselves. Expressions such as "Excuse me!", "Sorry!", "No thank you!", "Oh dear!", "Hey that's mine!", and similar ones often serve as interjections. Interjections can be phrases or even sentences, as well as words, such as "Oh!" "Pooh!" "Wow!" or "sup!".

Phonology

Several English interjections contain sounds, or are sounds as opposed to words, that do not (or very rarely) exist in regular English phonological inventory. For example:

• Ahem [əʔəm], [ʔəʔəm], [əɦəm], or [ʔəhəm], ("attention!") may contain a glottal stop [ʔ] or a [ɦ] in any dialect of English; the glottal stop is common in American English, some British dialects, and in other languages, such as German.
• Gah [ɡæh] ("Gah, there's nothing to do!") ends with [h], which does not occur with regular English words.
• Oops, an interjection made in response to the observation of a minor mistake, usually written as "Oops!" or "Whoops!"
• Psst [psː] ("here!"), is another entirely consonantal syllable-word, and its consonant cluster does not occur initially in regular English words.
• Shh [ʃːː] ("quiet!") is an entirely consonantal syllable.
• Tut-tut [ǀ ǀ] ("shame..."), also spelled tsk-tsk, is made up entirely of clicks, which are an active part of regular speech in several African languages. This particular click is dental. (This also has the spelling pronunciation [tʌt tʌt].)
• Ugh [ʌx] ("disgusting!") ends with a velar fricative consonant, which is otherwise restricted to just a few regional dialects of English, though is common in languages like Spanish, German, Gaelic and Russian.
• Whew or phew [ɸɪu] ("what a relief!"), also spelled shew, may start with a bilabial fricative, a sound pronounced with a strong puff of air through the lips. This sound is a common phoneme in such languages as Suki (a language of New Guinea) and Ewe and Logba (both spoken in Ghana).
• Yeah [jɛ] ("yes") ends with the short vowel [ɛ], or in some dialects [æ], neither of which are found at the end of any regular English words.

Distinctions

Drawing on earlier writings by Wilhelm Wundt, interjections may be subdivided into primary and secondary interjections.

• primary interjections do not belong to and are not derived from any word category and also encompass onomatopoeia. Presumably, they originate from animal or human noises. Examples: Oops., Ouch!
• secondary interjections in contrast are words with another meaning, most often substantives. However, as an interjection they are used by themselves and express mental attitudes or states. Examples: Damn!, Hell!

See also

• Aizuchi
• Discourse marker
• Ejaculation (grammar)
• Filler (linguistics)
• List of interjections by language at Wiktionary
  • English interjections at Wiktionary
• Listing of interjections
• Words without vowels

References

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English Journal

• Equity in utilization of health care services: Perspective of pregnant women in southern Odisha, India.

• Mahapatro M1.
• The Indian journal of medical research.Indian J Med Res.2015 Aug;142(2):183-9. doi: 10.4103/0971-5916.164251.
• BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Inequity in the use of health care services is an important factor affecting the maternal and child survival. In southern Odisha, India, the health indicators remained below compared to the State and national average. This study identifies various equity issues at indivi
• PMID 26354215

• School-age children with specific language impairment produce more speech disfluencies than their peers.

• Befi-Lopes DM1, Cáceres-Assenço AM1, Marques SF1, Vieira M1.
• CoDAS.Codas.2014 Nov-Dec;26(6):439-43. doi: 10.1590/2317-1782/20142014095. Epub 2014 Dec 1.
• PURPOSE: To compare the occurrence of speech disfluencies during narrative production in children with specific language impairment (SLI) and their age-matched peers.METHODS: The study included 60 children aged between 7 and 10 years, 40 with typical language development and 20 with SLI. For data co
• PMID 25590904

• The brain's response to the human voice depends on the incidence of autistic traits in the general population.

• Yoshimura Y1, Kikuchi M, Ueno S, Okumura E, Hiraishi H, Hasegawa C, Remijn GB, Shitamichi K, Munesue T, Tsubokawa T, Higashida H, Minabe Y.
• PloS one.PLoS One.2013 Nov 20;8(11):e80126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080126. eCollection 2013.
• Optimal brain sensitivity to the fundamental frequency (F0) contour changes in the human voice is important for understanding a speaker's intonation, and consequently, the speaker's attitude. However, whether sensitivity in the brain's response to a human voice F0 contour change varies with an inter
• PMID 24278247

• Is "huh?" a universal word? Conversational infrastructure and the convergent evolution of linguistic items.

• Dingemanse M1, Torreira F, Enfield NJ.
• PloS one.PLoS One.2013 Nov 8;8(11):e78273. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078273. eCollection 2013.
• A word like Huh --used as a repair initiator when, for example, one has not clearly heard what someone just said--is found in roughly the same form and function in spoken languages across the globe. We investigate it in naturally occurring conversations in ten languages and present evidence and argu
• PMID 24260108

Japanese Journal

• 「ほら」の相互行為上の働き (ヒューマンコミュニケーション基礎)

• 電子情報通信学会技術研究報告 = IEICE technical report : 信学技報 115(185), 65-70, 2015-08-21
• NAID 40020589034

• 効果音ボタンを用いたブレインストーミング支援システムの基礎検討 (ヒューマンコミュニケーション基礎) -- (テーマセッション「コミュニケーションと関係構築」)

• 電子情報通信学会技術研究報告 = IEICE technical report : 信学技報 115(185), 19-24, 2015-08-21
• NAID 40020588951

• 日本語疑問文の応答の冒頭に現れる「は」について : 係助詞から感動詞へ

• 国立国語研究所論集 9, 1-22, 2015-07
• NAID 110009920469

• 日本語のヨ・ネとスペイン語表現

• 京都産業大学論集. 人文科学系列 48, 125-156, 2015-03
• NAID 110009995247

Related Links

• Interjection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In grammar, an interjection or exclamation is a word used to express an emotion or sentiment on the part of the speaker (although most interjections have clear definitions). Filled pauses such as uh, er, um are also considered interjections. ...

• Interjections - English Club

Interjection is a big name for a little word. An explanation of ...

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