- 関
- intentional
WordNet
- with intention; in an intentional manner; "he used that word intentionally"; "I did this by choice" (同)deliberately, designedly, on purpose, purposely, advisedly, by choice, by design
- without intention; in an unintentional manner; "she hit him unintentionally" (同)accidentally
- characterized by conscious design or purpose; "intentional damage"; "a knowing attempt to defraud"; "a willful waste of time" (同)knowing
PrepTutorEJDIC
- わざとでなく,無意識に
- 故意の;意図的な
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2013/10/21 16:55:32」(JST)
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"Intent" and "Purpose" redirect here. For other uses, see Intent (disambiguation) and Purpose (disambiguation).
"Intentionally" redirects here. For the racehorse, see Intentionally (horse).
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Intention is an agent's specific purpose in performing an action or series of actions, the end or goal that is aimed at. Outcomes that are not anticipated and not foreseen are known as unintended consequences.
Intentional behavior can also be just thoughtful and deliberate goal-directedness. Recent research in experimental philosophy has shown that other factors may also matter for whether or not an action is counted as intentional.
Contents
- 1 Philosophy
- 1.1 Ethics
- 1.2 Experimental research
- 2 Related terms
- 3 See also
- 4 Notes
- 5 References
- 6 External links
Philosophy[edit]
G.E.M. Anscombe made the topic of intentional action a major topic of analytic philosophy with her 1957 work Intention. She argued that intentional action was coextensive with action of which one could ask "why were you doing that?" In the sense that Anscombe meant her question, it was "refused application" by the answer "I was not aware that I was doing that", but not by "for no reason at all". Therefore Anscombe held that it was possible to act intentionally for no reason at all. She also claimed that intentional action was subject to "knowledge without observation", and that all intentional action involved acting under a description.
Ethics[edit]
In deontological ethics the intent of an act is the way in which a maxim is supposed to be executed.[citation needed]
Experimental research[edit]
In recent years, there has been a large amount of work done on the concept of intentional action in experimental philosophy.[1] This work has aimed at illuminating and understanding the factors which influence people's judgments of whether an action was done intentionally. For instance, research has shown that unintended side effects are often considered to be done intentionally if the side effect is considered bad and the person acting knew the side effect would occur before acting. Yet when the side effect is considered good, people generally don't think it was done intentionally, even if the person knew it would occur before acting. The best-known example involves a chairman who implements a new business program for the sole purpose of making money but ends up affecting the environment in the process. If he implements his business plan and in the process he ends up helping the environment, then people generally say he unintentionally helped the environment; if he implements his business plan and in the process he ends up harming the environment, then people generally say he intentionally harmed the environment. The important point is that in both cases his only goal was to make money.[2] While there have been many explanations proposed for why the "side-effect effect" occurs, researchers on this topic have not yet reached a consensus.
Related terms[edit]
- In the philosophy of mind, intentionality is the property of being "about" something else, or to have some subject matter, in a certain way. Many states of mind, such as thinking about the pyramids, are characteristically about things (in this case, the pyramids). Other things, such as words and paintings, can also have kinds of intentionality. Rocks and tables, in general, do not have intentional states.
See also[edit]
- Collective intentionality
- Intention (criminal law)
- Intentional stance
- Intentionality
- Intentions (disambiguation)
Notes[edit]
- ^ Adam Feltz. (2008). The Knobe Effect: A Brief Overview. Journal of Mind and Behavior. 28: 265-278.
- ^ Knobe, J. (2003a). Intentional Action and Side Effects in Ordinary Language. Analysis, 63, 190-193
References[edit]
- G.E.M. Anscombe, Intention
- Donald Davidson, Essays on Actions and Events
External links[edit]
- Online works of Immanuel Kant on Gutenberg
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Design of experiments as a tool for LC-MS/MS method development for the trace analysis of the potentially genotoxic 4-dimethylaminopyridine impurity in glucocorticoids.
- Székely G, Henriques B, Gil M, Ramos A, Alvarez C.SourceHovione FarmaCiencia SA, R&D, Lisbon, Portugal; INFU, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany. Electronic address: gszekely@hovione.com.
- Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.J Pharm Biomed Anal.2012 Nov;70:251-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.07.006. Epub 2012 Jul 14.
- The present study reports on a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method development strategy supported by design of experiments (DoE) for the trace analysis of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP). The conventional approaches for development of LC-MS/MS methods are usually via tria
- PMID 22841555
- Examining a Comprehensive Model of Disaster-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Systematically Studied Survivors of 10 Disasters.
- North CS, Oliver J, Pandya A.SourceCarol S. North is with the Veterans Affairs North Texas Health Care System and the Departments of Psychiatry and Surgery, Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas. Julianne Oliver is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas, Dallas. At the time of the study, Anand Pandya was with the Department of Psychiatry, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, and the Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles.
- American journal of public health.Am J Public Health.2012 Oct;102(10):e40-e48. Epub 2012 Aug 16.
- Objectives. Using a comprehensive disaster model, we examined predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in combined data from 10 different disasters. Methods. The combined sample included data from 811 directly exposed survivors of 10 disasters between 1987 and 1995. We used consistent met
- PMID 22897543
Japanese Journal
- A Proposal of Quasi-Distributed WLAN MAC Protocol with High Throughput and Traffic Adaptability (Preprint)
- Xuejun Tian,Dejian Ye,Tetsuo Ideguchi,Takashi Okuda
- 情報処理学会論文誌 54(2), 2013-02-15
- … Unlike conventional hybrid protocols, every node does not have to intentionally reset any parameter according to the changing traffic load except its queue length. …
- NAID 110009537059
- フォレンジック技術を利用した携帯端末のための証拠保全手法
- 白石 陽,三科 貴,高橋 修
- 情報処理学会論文誌 54(1), 91-102, 2013-01-15
- 携帯端末は現在,住所,電話番号,メールアドレス,通話履歴などの個人情報を多く含む重要な情報端末である.携帯端末が法人利用されることが増加している中で,安易に情報を取り扱ってしまう「無知」や,携帯端末の誤操作や紛失・盗難をされてしまう「過失」,情報の横流しなどを行うための意図的な持ち出しをする「故意」などの人的要因のインシデントを減少させるため,それらを後々に証明できる必要がある.本論文では,人的要 …
- NAID 110009511427
- 石油・天然ガス消費を無理に抑制しようとする地球温暖化問題を世界的な景気低迷に直面する21世紀の今,考え直してみる(3)
Related Links
- intentionallyとは。意味や和訳。[副]意図して,故意に. 主語の心の状態を表し,ふつう主語の直後または文末にくるJohn intentionally did not do it.ジョンはわざとそれをしなかったJohn did not do it intentionally.ジョンはそれをするにはし ...
- intentionallyの意味は?goo辞書は無料で使える日本最大級の辞書サービスです。国語辞典、英和辞典、和英辞典、類語辞典、中国語辞典、百科事典などを提供しています。 ... シャトーブリアン 名言一覧 | Wiki 恋する男は己の能力以上に ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- intentional、intentionally
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- 関
- intentionally