WordNet

not segregated; designated as available to all races or groups; "integrated schools"
resembling a living organism in organization or development; "society as an integrated whole" (同)structured
formed into a whole or introduced into another entity; "a more closely integrated economic and political system"- Dwight D.Eisenhower; "an integrated Europe"
automatic data processing in which data acquisition and other stages or processing are integrated into a coherent system (同)IDP
the pooling of specific resources by subscribing nations for the support of some joint operation
not integrated; not taken into or made a part of a whole (同)unintegrated
calculate the integral of; calculate by integration
make into a whole or make part of a whole; "She incorporated his suggestions into her proposal" (同)incorporate
become one; become integrated; "The students at this school integrate immediately, despite their different backgrounds"

PrepTutorEJDIC

統合(統一)された / (学校などが)人種差別しない
集積回路
(…に)…‘を'統合する,まとめる《+『名』+『into』(『with』)+『名』》 / 〈学校など〉‘の'人種差別をなくす / (…と)統合する,まとまる《+『with』+『名』》 / 〈学校などが〉人種差別をなくす

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/05/19 08:50:06」(JST)

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Look up Integration, integrate, integrated, integrating, or integration in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Integration may refer to:

Sociology and economy

Social integration, in social sciences, is the movement of refugees and underprivileged sections of a society into the mainstream of societies
Racial integration, refers to social and cultural behavior
Economic integration, refers to trade unification between different states
Educational integration of students with disabilities
Regional integration, a process in which states enter into a regional agreement in order to enhance regional cooperation through regional institutions and rules
Horizontal integration and vertical integration, in microeconomics and strategic management, refer to a style of ownership and control
Integration clause, in a contract, a term used to declare the contract the final and complete understanding of the parties
Integrated production
A step in the process of money laundering

Mathematics

Integration, in mathematics, a fundamental concept of calculus—the operation of calculating the area between the curve of a function on the x-axis or y-axis
Indefinite integration, in calculus, the process of calculating antiderivatives—the opposites of derivatives (a.k.a. "antidifferentiation")
Symbolic integration, the computation, mostly on computers, of antiderivatives and integrals in term of formulas
In numerical analysis and in signal processing, a time series can be "integrated" numerically by various step-by-step means, including autoregressive integrated moving average and the Runge-Kutta methods

Electronics engineering

Integrated circuit, an electronic circuit whose components are manufactured in one flat piece of semiconductor material
Systems integration, the engineering practices and procedures for assembling large and complicated systems from less-complicated units, especially subsystems

Genetics/Enzymology

Pre-integration complex or retroviral integration, in biology
DNA integration performed by a specific class of recombinase enzymes ("integrases"). Recognition of a target sequence triggers site-specific integration of ("crossover" with) a compatible "donor sequence"

Other uses

Integration (festival), the annual techno-cultural fest of Indian Statistical Institute.
Integration (fest), the annual mathematics fest of St. Stephen's College
Integration (Kultur Shock album), 2009
Integration (Kellee Maize album), 2011

UpToDate Contents

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1. ダウン症および18トリソミーに対するスクリーニングのための、妊娠初期におけるcombined testおよびintegrated test first trimester combined test and integrated tests for screening for down syndrome and trisomy 18
2. 非小細胞肺癌のイメージング imaging of non small cell lung cancer
3. 高解像度食道内圧検査 high resolution manometry
4. 悪性胸膜中皮腫の臨床症状、診断、および病期分類 clinical presentation diagnosis and staging of malignant pleural mesothelioma
5. 肺癌が疑われる患者の初期評価、診断、および病期分類の概要 overview of the initial evaluation diagnosis and staging of patients with suspected lung cancer

English Journal

Iron oxide nanoparticle agglomeration influences dose rates and modulates oxidative stress-mediated dose-response profiles in vitro.

Sharma G1, Kodali V, Gaffrey M, Wang W, Minard KR, Karin NJ, Teeguarden JG, Thrall BD.Author information 1Battelle Memorial Institute , Columbus, OH , USA.AbstractSpontaneous agglomeration of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) is a common problem in cell culture media which can confound interpretation of in vitro nanotoxicity studies. The authors created stable agglomerates of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) in conventional culture medium, which varied in hydrodynamic size (276 nm-1.5 μm) but were composed of identical primary particles with similar surface potentials and protein coatings. Studies using C10 lung epithelial cells show that the dose rate effects of agglomeration can be substantial, varying by over an order of magnitude difference in cellular dose in some cases. Quantification by magnetic particle detection showed that small agglomerates of carboxylated IONPs induced greater cytotoxicity and redox-regulated gene expression when compared with large agglomerates on an equivalent total cellular IONP mass dose basis, whereas agglomerates of amine-modified IONPs failed to induce cytotoxicity or redox-regulated gene expression despite delivery of similar cellular doses. Dosimetry modelling and experimental measurements reveal that on a delivered surface area basis, large and small agglomerates of carboxylated IONPs have similar inherent potency for the generation of ROS, induction of stress-related genes and eventual cytotoxicity. The results suggest that reactive moieties on the agglomerate surface are more efficient in catalysing cellular ROS production than molecules buried within the agglomerate core. Because of the dynamic, size and density-dependent nature of ENP delivery to cells in vitro, the biological consequences of agglomeration are not discernible from static measures of exposure concentration (μg/ml) alone, highlighting the central importance of integrated physical characterisation and quantitative dosimetry for in vitro studies. The combined experimental and computational approach provides a quantitative framework for evaluating relationships between the biocompatibility of nanoparticles and their physical and chemical characteristics.
Nanotoxicology.Nanotoxicology.2014 Sep;8(6):663-75. doi: 10.3109/17435390.2013.822115. Epub 2013 Jul 31.
Spontaneous agglomeration of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) is a common problem in cell culture media which can confound interpretation of in vitro nanotoxicity studies. The authors created stable agglomerates of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) in conventional culture medium, which varied in hydro
PMID 23837572

Enhanced toxicity of 'bulk' titanium dioxide compared to 'fresh' and 'aged' nano-TiO2 in marine mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis).

D'Agata A1, Fasulo S, Dallas LJ, Fisher AS, Maisano M, Readman JW, Jha AN.Author information 1Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, S. Agata - 98166, Messina , Italy.AbstractMarine bivalves (Mytilus galloprovincialis) were exposed to titanium dioxide (10 mg L(-1)) either as engineered nanoparticles (nTiO2; fresh, or aged under simulated sunlight for 7 days) or the bulk equivalent. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry analyses of mussel tissues showed higher Ti accumulation (>10-fold) in the digestive gland compared to gills. Nano-sized TiO2 showed greater accumulation than bulk, irrespective of ageing, particularly in digestive gland (>sixfold higher). Despite this, transcriptional expression of metallothionein genes, histology and histochemical analysis suggested that the bulk material was more toxic. Haemocytes showed significantly enhanced DNA damage, determined by the modified comet assay, for all treatments compared to the control, but no significant differences between the treatments. Our integrated study suggests that for this ecologically relevant organism photocatalytic ageing of nTiO2 does not significantly alter toxicity, and that bulk TiO2 may be less ecotoxicologically inert than previously assumed.
Nanotoxicology.Nanotoxicology.2014 Aug;8(5):549-58. doi: 10.3109/17435390.2013.807446. Epub 2013 Jun 13.
Marine bivalves (Mytilus galloprovincialis) were exposed to titanium dioxide (10 mg L(-1)) either as engineered nanoparticles (nTiO2; fresh, or aged under simulated sunlight for 7 days) or the bulk equivalent. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry analyses of mussel tissues showed
PMID 23697396

Gold-nanobeacons for gene therapy: evaluation of genotoxicity, cell toxicity and proteome profiling analysis.

Conde J1, Larguinho M, Cordeiro A, Raposo LR, Costa PM, Santos S, Diniz MS, Fernandes AR, Baptista PV.Author information 1CIGMH, DCV, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Caparica , Portugal.AbstractAntisense therapy is a powerful tool for post-transcriptional gene silencing suitable for down-regulating target genes associated to disease. Gold nanoparticles have been described as effective intracellular delivery vehicles for antisense oligonucleotides providing increased protection against nucleases and targeting capability via simple surface modification. We constructed an antisense gold-nanobeacon consisting of a stem-looped oligonucleotide double-labelled with 3'-Cy3 and 5'-Thiol-C6 and tested for the effective blocking of gene expression in colorectal cancer cells. Due to the beacon conformation, gene silencing was directly detected as fluorescence increases with hybridisation to target, which can be used to assess the level of silencing. Moreover, this system was extensively evaluated for the genotoxic, cytotoxic and proteomic effects of gold-nanobeacon exposure to cancer cells. The exposure was evaluated by two-dimensional protein electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry to perform a proteomic profile and 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay, glutathione-S-transferase assay, micronucleus test and comet assay to assess the genotoxicity. This integrated toxicology evaluation showed that the proposed nanotheranostics strategy does not exhibit significant toxicity, which is extremely relevant when translating into in vivo systems.
Nanotoxicology.Nanotoxicology.2014 Aug;8(5):521-32. doi: 10.3109/17435390.2013.802821. Epub 2013 May 28.
Antisense therapy is a powerful tool for post-transcriptional gene silencing suitable for down-regulating target genes associated to disease. Gold nanoparticles have been described as effective intracellular delivery vehicles for antisense oligonucleotides providing increased protection against nucl
PMID 23642008

Integrated optical detection of autonomous capillary microfluidic immunoassays:a hand-held point-of-care prototype.

Novo P1, Chu V1, Conde JP2.Author information 1INESC Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias, IN-Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Lisbon, Portugal.2INESC Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias, IN-Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon, Portugal. Electronic address: joao.conde@tecnico.ulisboa.pt.AbstractThe miniaturization of biosensors using microfluidics has potential in enabling the development of point-of-care devices, with the added advantages of reduced time and cost of analysis with limits-of-detection comparable to those obtained through traditional laboratory techniques. Interfacing microfluidic devices with the external world can be difficult especially in aspects involving fluid handling and the need for simple sample insertion that avoids special equipment or trained personnel. In this work we present a point-of-care prototype system by integrating capillary microfluidics with a microfabricated photodiode array and electronic instrumentation into a hand-held unit. The capillary microfluidic device is capable of autonomous and sequential fluid flow, including control of the average fluid velocity at any given point of the analysis. To demonstrate the functionality of the prototype, a model chemiluminescence ELISA was performed. The performance of the integrated optical detection in the point-of-care prototype is equal to that obtained with traditional bench-top instrumentation. The photodiode signals were acquired, displayed and processed by a simple graphical user interface using a computer connected to the microcontroller through USB. The prototype performed integrated chemiluminescence ELISA detection in about 15min with a limit-of-detection of ≈2nM with an antibody-antigen affinity constant of ≈2×10(7)M(-1).
Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2014 Jul 15;57:284-91. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.02.009. Epub 2014 Feb 18.
The miniaturization of biosensors using microfluidics has potential in enabling the development of point-of-care devices, with the added advantages of reduced time and cost of analysis with limits-of-detection comparable to those obtained through traditional laboratory techniques. Interfacing microf
PMID 24607579

Japanese Journal

Time series regression model for infectious disease and weather

Imai Chisato,Armstrong Ben,Chalabi Zaid,Mangtani Punam,Hashizume Masahiro
Environmental Research 142, 319-327, 2015-10
… this article focuses on the application of the traditional time series regression to infectious diseases and weather factors, we also briefly introduce alternative approaches, including mathematical modeling, wavelet analysis, and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models.Modifications proposed to standard time series regression practice include using sums of past cases as proxies for the immune population, and using the logarithm of lagged disease counts to control autocorrelation due to true contagion, both of which are motivated from …
NAID 120005625365

Realizing controlled plasmonically induced reflection in metal–insulator–metal plasmonic waveguide-resonator coupling systems

Li Hong-Ju,Zhai Xiang,Wang Ling-Ling
Appl. Phys. Express 8(9), 092201, 2015-09-01
… Undoubtedly, the proposed structures can find utility in highly integrated plasmonic circuits for optical switching. …
NAID 150000111252

地域包括ケアシステムにおける作業療法士の姿 (特集地域包括ケアシステムの中でOTは何ができるのか)

宮永敬市
作業療法ジャーナル 49(10), 994-999, 2015-09
NAID 40020567143

地域包括ケアシステムの実現に向けた国の取り組み : リハビリテーションの視点から (特集地域包括ケアシステムの中でOTは何ができるのか)

村井千賀
作業療法ジャーナル 49(10), 988-993, 2015-09
NAID 40020567133

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