WordNet

not producing desired results; wasteful; "an inefficient campaign against drugs"; "outdated and inefficient design and methods"
in an inefficient manner; "he dealt inefficiently with the crisis"

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(人が)役に立たない,無能の;(機械・方法などが)役に立たない,能率の上がらない

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/03/08 13:23:12」(JST)

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The term inefficiency generally refers to an absence of efficiency. It has several meanings depending on the context in which it is used:

Allocative inefficiency - Allocative inefficiency is a situation in which the distribution of resources between alternatives does not fit with consumer taste (perceptions of costs and benefits). For example, a company may have the lowest costs in "productive" terms, but the result may be inefficient in allocative terms because the "true" or social cost exceeds the price that consumers are willing to pay for an extra unit of the product. This is true, for example, if the firm produces pollution (see also external cost). Consumers would prefer that the firm and its competitors produce less of the product and charge a higher price, to internalize the external cost.
Distributive Inefficiency - refers to the inefficient distribution of income and wealth within a society. Decreasing marginal utilities of wealth in theory suggests that more egalitarian distributions of wealth are more efficient than unegalitarian distributions. Distributive inefficiency is often associated with economic inequality.
Economic inefficiency - refers to a situation where "we could be doing a better job," i.e., attaining our goals at lower cost. It is the opposite of economic efficiency. In the latter case, there is no way to do a better job, given the available resources and technology.
Keynesian inefficiency - might be defined as incomplete use of resources (labor, capital goods, natural resources, etc.) because of inadequate aggregate demand. We are not attaining potential output, while suffering from cyclical unemployment. We could do a better job if we applied deficit spending or expansive monetary policy.
Pareto inefficiency - Pareto efficiency is a situation in which one person can not be made better off without making anyone else worse off. In practice, this criterion is difficult to apply in a constantly changing world, so many emphasize Kaldor-Hicks efficiency and inefficiency: a situation is inefficient if someone can be made better off even after compensating those made worse off, regardless of whether the compensation actually occurs.
Productive inefficiency - says that we could produce the given output at a lower cost—or could produce more output for given cost. For example, a company that is inefficient will have higher operating costs and will be at a competitive disadvantage (or have lower profits than other firms in the market).
Resource-market inefficiency - refers to barriers that prevent full adjustment of resource markets, so that resources are either unused or misused. For example, structural unemployment results from barriers of mobility in labor markets which prevent workers from moving to places and occupations where there are job vacancies. Thus, unemployed workers can co-exist with unfilled job vacancies.
X-inefficiency - refers to inefficiency in the "black box" of production, connecting inputs to outputs. This type of inefficiency says that we could be organizing people or production processes more effectively. Often problems of "morale" or "bureaucratic inertia" cause X-inefficiency.

Productive inefficiency, Resource-market inefficiency and X-inefficiency might be analyzed using Data Envelopment Analysis and similar methods.

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English Journal

Precise periodic components estimation for chronobiological signals through Bayesian Inference with sparsity enforcing prior.

Dumitru M1, Mohammad-Djafari A2, Sain SB3.
EURASIP journal on bioinformatics & systems biology.EURASIP J Bioinform Syst Biol.2016 Jan 20;2016(1):3. eCollection 2016.
The toxicity and efficacy of more than 30 anticancer agents present very high variations, depending on the dosing time. Therefore, the biologists studying the circadian rhythm require a very precise method for estimating the periodic component (PC) vector of chronobiological signals. Moreover, in re
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Valproic Acid Enhances iPSC Induction From Human Bone Marrow-Derived Cells Through the Suppression of Reprogramming-Induced Senescence.

Chen X1,2, Zhai Y1,2, Yu D1,2, Cui J1, Hu JF1,2, Li W1.
Journal of cellular physiology.J Cell Physiol.2016 Aug;231(8):1719-27. doi: 10.1002/jcp.25270. Epub 2015 Dec 28.
Reprogramming of human somatic cells into pluripotent cells (iPSCs) by defined transcription factors is an extremely inefficient process. Treatment with the histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) during reprogramming can improve the induction of iPSCs. To examine the specific mechanism un
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Non-proportional bioaccumulation of trace metals and metalloids in the planktonic food web of two Singapore coastal marine inlets with contrasting water residence times.

Calbet A1, Schmoker C2, Russo F2, Trottet A2, Mahjoub MS2, Larsen O3, Tong HY4, Drillet G2.
The Science of the total environment.Sci Total Environ.2016 Aug 1;560-561:284-94. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.234. Epub 2016 Apr 19.
We analyzed the concentrations of trace metals/metalloids (TMs) in the water, sediment and plankton of two semi-enclosed marine coastal inlets located north of Jurong Island and separated by a causeway (SW Singapore; May 2012-April 2013). The west side of the causeway (west station) has residence ti
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Cadmium (II) removal mechanisms in microbial electrolysis cells.

Colantonio N1, Kim Y2.
Journal of hazardous materials.J Hazard Mater.2016 Jul 5;311:134-41. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.02.062. Epub 2016 Mar 3.
Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal, causing serious environmental and human health problems. Conventional methods for removing cadmium from wastewater are expensive and inefficient for low concentrations. Microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) can simultaneously treat wastewater, produce hydrogen gas, and
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