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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/10/09 05:02:43」(JST)

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Idoxuridine is an anti-herpesvirus antiviral drug.

It is a nucleoside analogue, a modified form of deoxyuridine, similar enough to be incorporated into viral DNA replication, but the iodine atom added to the uracil component blocks base pairing. It is used only topically due to cardiotoxicity.

Clinical use

Idoxuridine is mainly used topically to treat herpes simplex keratitis.^[1] Epithelial lesions, especially initial attacks presenting with a dendritic ulcer, are most responsive to therapy, while infection with stromal involvement are less responsive.^[2] Idoxuridine is ineffective against herpes simplex virus type 2 and varicella-zoster.^[1]

Side effects

Common side effects of the eye drops include irritation, blurred vision and photophobia.^[3] Corneal clouding and damage of the corneal epithelium may also occur.^{[citation needed]}

Formulations and dosage

Idoxuridine is available as either a 0.5% ophthalmic ointment or as a 0.1% ophthalmic solution.^[1] The dosage of the ointment is every 4 hours during day and once before bedtime.^[1] The dosage of the solution is 1 drop in the conjunctival sac hourly during the day and every 2 hours during the night until definitive improvement, then 1 drop every 2 hours during the day and every 4 hours during the night.^[1] Therapy is continued for 3-4 days after healing is complete, as demonstrated by fluorescein staining.^[1]

References

Seth A, Misra A, Umrigar D (2004). "Topical liposomal gel of idoxuridine for the treatment of herpes simplex: pharmaceutical and clinical implications". Pharm Dev Technol 9 (3): 277–289. doi:10.1081/PDT-200031432. PMID 15458233.
Otto S (1998). "Radiopharmaceuticals (Strontium 89) and radiosensitizers (idoxuridine)". J Intraven Nurs 21 (6): 335–7. PMID 10392098.
Fauth E, Zankl H (1999). "Comparison of spontaneous and idoxuridine-induced micronuclei by chromosome painting". Mutat Res 440 (2): 147–56. PMID 10209337.

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. Edited by Gilman AG, Rall TW, Nies AS, Taylor P. McGraw-Hill. 8th ed. 1990.
^ Maxwell E. Treatment of herpes keratitis with 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine (IDU): a clinical evaluation of 1500 cases. Am. J. Ophthalmol., 1963, 56, 571-573.
^ Drugs.com: Idoxuridine ophthalmic

UpToDate Contents

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1. 中毒性結膜炎 toxic conjunctivitis
2. 痘瘡ワクチンとしてのワクシニアウイルス vaccinia virus as the smallpox vaccine

English Journal

Characterization of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase of Mycoplasma hyorhinis: implications for the clinical efficacy of nucleoside analogues.

Vande Voorde J, Gago F, Vrancken K, Liekens S, Balzarini J.SourceRega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, blok x - bus 1030, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
The Biochemical journal.Biochem J.2012 Jul 1;445(1):113-23.
In the present paper we demonstrate that the cytostatic and antiviral activity of pyrimidine nucleoside analogues is markedly decreased by a Mycoplasma hyorhinis infection and show that the phosphorolytic activity of the mycoplasmas is responsible for this. Since mycoplasmas are (i) an important cau
PMID 22475552

Environmental enrichment increases the GFAP+ stem cell pool and reverses hypoxia-induced cognitive deficits in juvenile mice.

Salmaso N, Silbereis J, Komitova M, Mitchell P, Chapman K, Ment LR, Schwartz ML, Vaccarino FM.SourceChild Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.J Neurosci.2012 Jun 27;32(26):8930-9.
Premature children born with very low birth weight (VLBW) can suffer chronic hypoxic injury as a consequence of abnormal lung development and cardiovascular abnormalities, often leading to grave neurological and behavioral consequences. Emerging evidence suggests that environmental enrichment improv
PMID 22745493

Japanese Journal

抗ウイルス剤イドキシウリヂン+アクラルビシン合剤軟膏による尖圭コンジロームとVAIN (vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia)の治療

手島英雄,己斐澄子,山川義寛,片瀬功芳,梅沢聡,加藤友康,荷見勝彦
日本産科婦人科學會雜誌 46(10), 1065-1068, 1994-10-01
NAID 110002109204

抗ウィルス剤1doxuridineによる外陰部尖圭コソジローマ治療の試み

荷見勝彦,小林拓郎,阿多道夫,阪直
日本産科婦人科學會雜誌 38(2), 277-279, 1986-02-01
NAID 110002191175

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「IDU」「イドクスウリジン」

「IDU」

Idoxuridine
Systematic (IUPAC) name
	1-[(2R,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-5-iodo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-2,4-dione
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com	Micromedex Detailed Consumer Information
MedlinePlus	a601062
Pregnancy cat.	?
Legal status	?
Routes	intravenously
Identifiers
CAS number	54-42-2
ATC code	D06BB01 J05AB02, S01AD01
PubChem	CID 5905
DrugBank	DB00249
ChemSpider	10481938
UNII	LGP81V5245
KEGG	D00342
ChEMBL	CHEMBL788
NIAID ChemDB	001857
Synonyms	Iododeoxyuridine; IUdR
Chemical data
Formula	C9H11IN2O5
Mol. mass	354.099 g/mol
	SMILES I\C1=C\N(C(=O)NC1=O)C2C[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2;
	InChI InChI=1S/C9H11IN2O5/c10-4-2-12(9(16)11-8(4)15)7-1-5(14)6(3-13)17-7/h2,5-7,13-14H,1,3H2,(H,11,15,16)/t5-,6+,7?/m0/s1 ; Key:XQFRJNBWHJMXHO-GFCOJPQKSA-N ;
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「イドクスウリジン」

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英: idoxuridine
商: IDU眼軟膏、IDU点眼液
関: 抗ウイルス薬

[Goodman-0] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. Edited by Gilman AG, Rall TW, Nies AS, Taylor P. McGraw-Hill. 8th ed. 1990.

[1] Maxwell E. Treatment of herpes keratitis with 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine (IDU): a clinical evaluation of 1500 cases. Am. J. Ophthalmol., 1963, 56, 571-573.

[2] Drugs.com: Idoxuridine ophthalmic

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idoxuridine