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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/01/28 23:23:54」(JST)

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Hyperuricosuria is a medical term referring to the presence of excessive amounts of uric acid in the urine. Notable direct causes of hyperuricosuria are dissolution of uric acid crystals in the kidneys or urinary bladder, and hyperuricemia. Notable indirect causes include uricosuric drugs, rapid breakdown of bodily tissues containing large quantities of DNA and RNA, and a diet high in purine.

Drugs that may contribute to hyperuricosuria include allopurinol and uricase.

Hyperuricosuria may be a medical sign of:

Gout (very common)
Kidney stones of uric acid (uric acid nephrolithiasis)
Acute uric acid nephropathy
Acute renal failure
Tumor lysis syndrome
Fanconi syndrome
Dent's disease (very rare)

Acute vs chronic

Acute hyperuricosuria is a common complication of tumor lysis syndrome. This syndrome appears not to contribute to gout and to uric acid nephrolithiasis, which is evidence that these two conditions have chronic, not acute, causes.

Chronic hyperuricosuria is associated with gout and uric acid nephrolithiasis. However, both conditions can occur in the absence of hyperuricosuria. Treatment of gout with uricosuric drugs can lead to uric acid nephrolithiasis.

Treatment

If neither hyperuricemia nor gout is present, then the risk of uric acid nephrolithiasis can be reduced by the use of antiuricosuric drugs. One should also consider eating a low purine diet. Additionally, making the urine pH more alkaline is protective.^[1]

References

^ Mattle D, Hess B (May 2005). "Preventive treatment of nephrolithiasis with alkali citrate--a critical review". Urol. Res. 33 (2): 73–9. doi:10.1007/s00240-005-0464-8. PMID 15875173.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 尿酸腎結石症 uric acid nephrolithiasis
2. 小児における腎結石症の疫学および危険因子 epidemiology of and risk factors for nephrolithiasis in children
3. 成人におけるカルシウム結石の危険因子 risk factors for calcium stones in adults
4. 成人における再発性カルシウム結石の予防 prevention of recurrent calcium stones in adults
5. 腎結石が確認された成人患者の評価および結石形成の有無が不明の患者の治療 evaluation of the adult patient with established nephrolithiasis and treatment if stone composition is unknown

English Journal

Urine alkalinization may be enough for the treatment of bilateral renal pelvis stones associated with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome.

Oh MM, Ham BK, Kang SH, Bae JH, Kim JJ, Yoo KH, Yoon DK, Moon du G.SourceDepartment of Urology, Korea University Hospital, 80, Guro-dong, Guro-ku, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea.
Urological research.Urol Res.2011 Oct;39(5):417-9. Epub 2011 Feb 18.
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is a rare sex-linked disorder of purine metabolism that is caused by a mutation in the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) gene which causes marked hyperuricemia and hyperuricosuria, with signs of gouty arthritis and uric acid stone disease in early childhood.
PMID 21331772

Urate nephropathy associated with impaired kinetic properties of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase in a 45-day-old infant.

Singal R, Krishnamurthy S, Narayanan P, Rajesh NG, Choudhary B, Jacomelli G, Micheli V.SourceDepartment of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Dhanvantari Nagar, Pondicherry, 605006, India.
Clinical and experimental nephrology.Clin Exp Nephrol.2011 Sep 9. [Epub ahead of print]
We report a 45-day-old male infant who presented with anuric renal failure and fluid overload due to urate nephropathy consequent upon hyperuricemia with hyperuricosuria. His maternal uncle had undergone renal transplantation for chronic renal failure secondary to uric acid nephrolithiasis. The leve
PMID 21904906

Japanese Journal

上部尿路結石症における尿中結石形成関連物質 : 埼玉県栗橋地区における検討

梶本俊一,橋本恭伸,南里正之,八木澤隆,東間紘
東京女子医科大学雑誌 76(1), 43-47, 2006-01
… Males had significantly higher incidence of hyperuricosuria. … First-time males had significantly higher incidence of hyperuricosuria than first-time females. …
NAID 110007525398