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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/01/06 18:32:05」(JST)
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| Hyperkeratosis |
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Micrograph showing hyperkeratosis. H&E stain.
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| Classification and external resources |
| Pronunciation |
(hyper- + kerato- + -osis) |
| Specialty |
dermatology |
| ICD-10 |
L85.9 |
| ICD-9-CM |
701.1 |
| DiseasesDB |
20624 |
Hyperkeratosis is thickening of the stratum corneum (the outermost layer of the epidermis), often associated with the presence of an abnormal quantity of keratin,[1] and also usually accompanied by an increase in the granular layer. As the corneum layer normally varies greatly in thickness in different sites, some experience is needed to assess minor degrees of hyperkeratosis.
It can be caused by vitamin A deficiency or chronic exposure to arsenic.
Hyperkeratosis can also be caused by B-Raf inhibitor drugs such as Vemurafenib and Dabrafenib.[2]
It can be treated with urea-containing creams, which dissolve the intercellular matrix of the cells of the stratum corneum, promoting desquamation of scaly skin, eventually resulting in softening of hyperkeratotic areas.[3]
Contents
- 1 Types
- 1.1 Follicular
- 1.2 By other specific site
- 1.3 Hereditary
- 1.4 Other
- 2 Hyperkeratosis of mucous membranes
- 3 Etymology
- 4 See also
- 5 References
Types
Follicular
Follicular hyperkeratosis dass (also called phrynoderma) is a skin condition characterized by excessive development of keratin in hair follicles, resulting in rough, cone-shaped, elevated papules. The openings are often closed with a white plug of encrusted sebum.
This condition has been shown in several small-scale studies to respond well to supplementation with vitamins and fats rich in essential fatty acids. Deficiencies of vitamin E,[4] vitamin A and B complex vitamins have been implicated in causing the condition.[5]
By other specific site
- Plantar hyperkeratosis is hyperkeratosis of the sole of the foot. It is recommended[6] to surgically remove the dead skin, to provide symptomatic relief.
- Hyperkeratosis of the nipple and areola is an uncommon benign, asymptomatic, acquired condition of unknown pathogenesis.[7]:636
Hereditary
- Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis (also known as "Bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma,"[8] "Bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma,"[9]:482 or "bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma Brocq"[10]) is a rare skin disease in the ichthyosis family affecting around 1 in 250,000 people. It involves the clumping of keratin filaments.[7]:562[11]
- Multiple minute digitate hyperkeratosis, a rare cutaneous condition, with about half of cases being familial
- Focal acral hyperkeratosis (also known as "Acrokeratoelastoidosis lichenoides,") is a late-onset keratoderma, inherited as an autosomal dominant condition, characterized by oval or polygonal crateriform papules developing along the border of the hands, feet, and wrists.[9]:509
- Keratosis Pilaris appears similar to gooseflesh, is usually asymptomatic and may be treated by moisturizing the skin.[12]
Other
- Hyperkeratosis lenticularis perstans (also known as "Flegel's disease"[8]) is a cutaneous condition characterized by rough, yellow-brown keratotic, flat-topped papules.[7]:639[8]
Hyperkeratosis of mucous membranes
The term hyperkeratosis is often used in connection with lesions of the mucous membranes, such as leukoplakia. Because of the differences between mucous membranes and the skin (e.g. keratinizing mucosa does not have a stratum lucidum and non keratinizing mucosa does not have this layer or normally a stratum corneum or a stratum granulosum), sometimes specialized texts give slightly different definitions of hyperkeratosis in the context of mucosae. Examples are "an excessive formation of keratin (e.g., as seen in leukoplakia)"[13] and "an increase in the thickness of the keratin layer of the epithelium, or the presence of such a layer in a site where none would normally be expected."[14]
Etymology
The word hyperkeratosis uses combining forms of hyper- + kerato- + -osis, conveying "the condition of too much keratin".
See also
- Skin lesion
- Skin disease
- Keratin disease
- List of skin diseases
References
- ^ Kumar, Vinay; Fausto, Nelso; Abbas, Abul (2004) Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (7th ed.). Saunders. Page 1230. ISBN 0-7216-0187-1.
- ^ Niezgoda, Anna; Niezgoda, Piotr; Czajkowski, Rafal (2015) Novel Approaches to Treatment of Advanced Melanoma: A Review of Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy BioMed Research International
- ^ drugs.com > Urea Cream (Prescribing Information) Revised: 04/2010 by Stratus Pharmaceuticals
- ^ Nadiger, HA (1980). "Role of vitamin E in the aetiology of phrynoderma (follicular hyperkeratosis) and its interrelationship with B-complex vitamins". British Journal of Nutrition 44 (3): 211–4. doi:10.1079/bjn19800033. |pmid=7437404
- ^ "Hyperkeratosis". Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. 2007.
- ^ thedoctorsdoctor.com article
- ^ a b c James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; Elston, Dirk M.; et al. (2006). "Clinical diagnosis by laboratory methods". Andrews' diseases of the skin: clinical dermatology (10th ed.). Saunders Elsevier. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0.
- ^ a b c Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 1-4160-2999-0.
- ^ a b Freedberg, et al. (2003). Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine. (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-138076-0.
- ^ synd/1036 at Who Named It?
- ^ Cheng J, Syder AJ, Yu QC, Letai A, Paller AS, Fuchs E (September 1992). "The genetic basis of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis: a disorder of differentiation-specific epidermal keratin genes". Cell 70 (5): 811–9. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(92)90314-3. PMID 1381287.
- ^ Hwang, Schwartz. "Keratosis pilaris: a common follicular hyperkeratosis.".
- ^ Mosby's Dental Dictionary
- ^ Tyldesley WR, Field A, Longman L (2003). Tyldesley's Oral medicine (5th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0192631470.
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Clinical and histological nomenclature for skin lesions
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| Macroscopic |
| Primary lesions |
- flat
- elevated
- fluid
- Ulcer
- Erosion
- Telangiectasia
- Special initial lesions : Burrow
- Comedo
- Scutulum
- Target lesion
- Herald patch
- Wheal
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| Secondary lesions |
- Scale
- Crust
- Lichenification
- Excoriation
- Induration
- Atrophy
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|
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| Microscopic |
- keratin: Hyperkeratosis
- Parakeratosis
- Dyskeratosis
- Hypergranulosis
- Acanthosis
- Papillomatosis
- Acantholysis
- Spongiosis
- Hydropic swelling
- Exocytosis
- Vacuolization
- Erosion
- Ulceration
- Lentiginous
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Index of skin
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| Description |
- Anatomy
- Physiology
- Development
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| Disease |
- Infections
- Vesiculobullous
- Dermatitis and eczema
- Papulosquamous
- Urticaria and erythema
- Radiation-related
- Pigmentation
- Mucinoses
- Keratosis, ulcer, atrophy, and necrobiosis
- Vasculitis
- Fat
- Neutrophilic and eosinophilic
- Congenital
- Neoplasms and cancer
- nevi and melanomas
- epidermis
- dermis
- Symptoms and signs
- Terminology
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|
| Treatment |
- Procedures
- Drugs
- antibiotics
- disinfectants
- emollients and protectives
- itch
- psoriasis
- other
- Wound and ulcer
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Acitretin-induced spiny follicular hyperkeratosis.
- Yanik ME1, Erfan G1, Albayrak H1, Tasolar K1, Albayrak S1, Gelincik I2, Kulac M1.
- Cutaneous and ocular toxicology.Cutan Ocul Toxicol.2016 Jun;35(2):165-7. doi: 10.3109/15569527.2015.1072545. Epub 2015 Aug 12.
- Spiny follicular hyperkeratosis (SFH) is follicular flesh-colored hyperkeratotic spicules that are linked to different situations including drug reactions. Previously suspected drugs are BRAF inhibitors and cyclosporine. We described a 51-year-old psoriasis patient with SFH who had been using acitre
- PMID 26340416
- Analysis of clinical features and lifestyle in Korean senile gluteal dermatosis patients.
- Moon SH1, Kang BK1, Jeong KH1, Shin MK1, Lee MH1.
- International journal of dermatology.Int J Dermatol.2016 May;55(5):553-7. doi: 10.1111/ijd.12838. Epub 2015 Jul 31.
- BACKGROUND: Senile gluteal dermatosis (SGD) is characterized by hyperkeratotic lichenified skin lesions on the superior part and both sides of the anal cleft. These lesions are particularly prevalent in sedentary and elderly patients.OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the preva
- PMID 26234159
- Lymphomatoid papulosis with pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia in a 7-year-old girl: a case report.
- Xiong J1, Ma Y1, Chen H1, Xu X1, Sun J1.
- Journal of cutaneous pathology.J Cutan Pathol.2016 May;43(5):430-433. doi: 10.1111/cup.12646. Epub 2015 Dec 7.
- Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) belongs to the group of cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders. Pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia has rarely been reported in patients with LyP. In this report, we describe a case of LyP presenting as pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia. The patient was a 7-year-old gir
- PMID 26531106
Japanese Journal
- 臀部に単発したverrucous porokeratosis
- 病気について知りたい! 臨床講座(76)虫による皮膚疾患(疥癬を中心に)
- 症例報告 15年ぶりに遭遇したノルウェー疥癬(角化型疥癬)の1例 (第20巻記念号)
- 高知県医師会医学雑誌 = Journal of Kochi Medical Association 20(1), 229-235, 2015
- NAID 40020428290
Related Links
- Hyperkeratosis - an easy to understand guide covering causes, diagnosis, symptoms, treatment and prevention plus additional in depth medical information. ... Drugs.com provides accurate and independent information on more than ...
- Looking for online definition of hyperkeratotic in the Medical Dictionary? hyperkeratotic explanation free. What is hyperkeratotic? Meaning of hyperkeratotic medical term. What does hyperkeratotic mean? Hyperkeratotic | definition ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
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- Note the thick, violaceous, hyperkeratotic plaque with a white, lacelike pattern on the surface (Wickham's striae).
[★]
- 英
- hyperkeratotic
- 関
- 角質増殖性
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- 英
- hyperkeratotic
- 関
- 過角化性