Violaceae

スミレ科 　

WordNet

1. a family of order Parietales including the genera Viola, Hybanthus, Hymenanthera, Melicytus (同)family Violaceae, violet family
2. any of numerous low-growing violas with small flowers
3. a variable color that lies beyond blue in the spectrum (同)reddish blue
4. large-flowered garden plant derived chiefly from the wild pansy of Europe and having velvety petals of various colors (同)Viola tricolor hortensis
5. large genus of flowering herbs of temperate regions (同)genus Viola

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. {C}『スミレ』 / {U}『すみれ色』 / すみれ色の
2. サンシキスミレ / 《話》女のような男;同性愛の男

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/04/03 05:29:38」(JST)

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Violaceae
Viola banksii
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Rosids
Order:	Malpighiales
Family:	Violaceae Batsch

Violaceae /vaɪəˈleɪsiː/ (alternatively Alsodeiaceae J.G.Agardh, Leoniaceae DC. and Retrosepalaceae Dulac) are a family of flowering plants consisting of about 800 species in 21 genera. It takes its name from the genus Viola, the violets and pansies.

Older classifications such as the Cronquist system placed Violaceae in an order named after it, the Violales. However, newer classifications such as that of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group locate it in the Malpighiales.

Description

Though the best-known genus, Viola, is herbaceous, most species are shrubs or small trees. The simple leaves are alternate or opposite, often with leafy stipules or the stipules are reduced in size. Some species have palmate shaped leaves or deeply dissected leaves. Many species are acaulescent. Inflorescence with solitary flowers or paniculate like, some species have cleistogamous flowers produced after or before the production of typically petaled flowers. Flowers are bisexual or unisexual (e.g. Melicytus), typically zygomorphic or actinomorphic with a calyx of five sepals that are persistent after flowering. Corolla with 5 mostly unequal petals, the anterior petal larger and often spurred. Plants with five stamens with the abaxial stamen often spurred at the base. The gynoecium is a compound pistil of three united carpels with one locule. Styles simple, ovary superior, ovules many. The fruits are capsules splitting by way of three seams. Seeds with endosperm.

Taxonomy

four subfamilies are recognized: Violoideae, Leonioideae and Fusispermoideae.^{[citation needed]}

Subfamily Fusispermoideae

• Fusispermum Cuatrec.

Subfamily Leonioideae

• Leonia Ruiz & Pav.

Subfamily Violoideae

Tribe Rinoreeae

Subtribe Hymenantherinae

• Hymenanthera R.Br.
• Melicytus J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.

Subtribe Isodendriinae

• Isodendrion A.Gray

Subtribe Paypayrolinae

• Amphirrhox Spreng.
• Hekkingia Munzinger & H.E.Ballard
• Paypayrola Aubl.

Subtribe Rinoreinae

• Allexis Pierre
• Decorsella A.Chev. (including Gymnorinorea Keay)
• Gloeospermum Triana & Planch.
• Rinorea Aubl. (including Alsodeia Thouars, Phyllanoa Croizat, Scyphellandra Thwaites)
• Rinoreocarpus Ducke

Tribe Violeae

• Agatea A.Gray (included Agation Brongn.)
• Anchietea A.St.-Hil.
• Corynostylis Mart.
• Hybanthopsis Paula-Souza
• Hybanthus Jacq. (included Acentra Phil., Clelandia J.M.Black, Cubelium Raf. ex Britton & A.Br., Ionidium Vent., Pigea DC.)
• Mayanaea Lundell
• Noisettia Kunth
• Orthion Standl. & Steyerm.
• Schweiggeria Spreng.
• Viola L. (including Erpetion Sweet, Mnemion Spach

External links

• Violaceae in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval. http://delta-intkey.com
• GRIN Database for the Violaceae
• Chilean Violaceae, by Chileflora

English Journal

• Morphological versus genetic diversity of Viola reichenbachiana and V. riviniana (sect. Viola, Violaceae) from soils differing in heavy metal content.

• Kuta E1, Jędrzejczyk-Korycińska M, Cieślak E, Rostański A, Szczepaniak M, Migdałek G, Wąsowicz P, Suda J, Combik M, Słomka A.
• Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany).Plant Biol (Stuttg).2014 Sep;16(5):924-34. doi: 10.1111/plb.12143. Epub 2014 Jan 8.
• Morphological characters, AFLP markers and flow cytometry were used to investigate the morphological and genetic variability and differentiation of Viola reichenbachiana and V. riviniana in non-metallicolous (NM) and metallicolous (M) populations. The aims were to clarify the taxonomic status of pl
• PMID 24400923

• Traditional uses of medicinal plants against malarial disease by the tribal communities of Lesser Himalayas-Pakistan.

• Mujtaba Shah G1, Abbasi AM2, Khan N3, Guo X4, Ajab Khan M5, Hussain M1, Bibi S6, Nazir A3, Ahmad Tahir A3.
• Journal of ethnopharmacology.J Ethnopharmacol.2014 Aug 8;155(1):450-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.05.047. Epub 2014 Jun 2.
• ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Malaria is among the most prevalent infectious diseases in the developing countries of world. Estimated number of annual malaria episodes in Pakistan is 1.5 million, but very little is known about medicinal plant species of Pakistan, which have great potential against
• PMID 24892831

• Epigenetic variation reflects dynamic habitat conditions in a rare floodplain herb.

• Schulz B1, Eckstein RL, Durka W.
• Molecular ecology.Mol Ecol.2014 Jul;23(14):3523-37. doi: 10.1111/mec.12835. Epub 2014 Jul 1.
• Variation of DNA methylation is thought to play an important role for rapid adjustments of plant populations to dynamic environmental conditions, thus compensating for the relatively slow response time of genetic adaptations. However, genetic and epigenetic variation of wild plant populations has no
• PMID 24943730

Japanese Journal

• Vascular Plants Collected on the Veslovskiy Peninsula, Kunashir Island in 2012

• Takahashi Hideki,Sato Hiroyuki,Kato Yukie,Fukuda Tomoko
• 北海道大学総合博物館研究報告 7, 53-57, 2014-03-31
• … Rosaceae, Ranunculaceae, Ericaceae, and Violaceae in Notsuke can be explained by the presence of the forest vegetation. …
• NAID 120005418113

• Incongruence between Morphological and Molecular Traits in Populations of Viola violacea (Violaceae) in Yamagata Prefecture, Northern Honshu, Japan

• YOSHIDA MASATAKA,HAYAKAWA HIROSHI,FUKUDA TATSUYA,YOKOYAMA JUN
• APG : Acta phytotaxonomica et geobotanica 63(3), 121-134, 2013-04-05
• Viola violacea is a morphologically variable and widely distributed species in Japan. Viola violacea var. violacea, distributed in western Japan, has narrowly ovate to widely lanceolate leaves, while …
• NAID 110009596184

• Incongruence between Morphological and Molecular Traits in Populations of Viola violacea (Violaceae) in Yamagata Prefecture, Northern Honshu, Japan

• YOSHIDA MASATAKA,HAYAKAWA HIROSHI,FUKUDA TATSUYA,YOKOYAMA JUN
• Acta phytotaxonomica et geobotanica : APG 63(3), 121-134, 2013-04-05
• NAID 10031186540

Related Links

• スミレ科 - Wikipedia

スミレ科 (Violaceae) は被子植物門双子葉植物綱の科の1つで、スミレやパンジー、 ニオイスミレなどを含むもの。 ... Violaceae in Watson, L., and Dallwitz, M.J. 1992 onwards. The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and ...

• Violaceae - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Violaceae /vaɪəˈleɪsiː/ (alternatively Alsodeiaceae J.G.Agardh, Leoniaceae DC. and Retrosepalaceae Dulac) are a family of flowering plants consisting of about 800 species in 21 genera. It takes its name from the genus Viola, the violets ...

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「violaceous」「Viola」「violet」「スミレ科」「pansy」

「violaceous」

　　[★]

• adj.

• (植物)スミレ科(Violaceae)の。すみれ色の、青紫色の

Note the thick, violaceous, hyperkeratotic plaque with a white, lacelike pattern on the surface (Wickham's striae).

「Viola」

　　[★]

スミレ属、ビオラ属、Viola属

関

pansy、Violaceae、violet

　

「violet」

　　[★]

• 青紫色の

関

blue-violet、pansy、Viola、Violaceae

　 　 　

「スミレ科」

　　[★]

ラ

Violaceae

関

青紫色、パンジー、スミレ属

「pansy」

　　[★]

パンジー

関

Viola、Violaceae、violet