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The hamate bone or unciform bone (from Latin uncus, "hook") is a bone in the human wrist readily distinguishable by its wedge shape and a hook-like process ("hamulus") projecting from its palmar surface.

Structure

The hamate is an irregularly shaped carpal bone found within the hand. The hamate is found within the distal row of carpal bones, and abuts the metacarpals of the little finger and ring finger.^[1]^:708–709

Adjacent to the hamate on the ulnar side, and slightly above it, is the pisiform bone. Adjacent on the radial side is the capitate, and proximal is the lunate.^[1]^:708–709

Surfaces

The hamate bone has six surfaces:

The superior, the apex of the wedge, is narrow, convex, smooth, and articulates with the lunate.
The inferior articulates with the fourth and fifth metacarpal bones, by concave facets which are separated by a ridge.
The dorsal is triangular and rough for ligamentous attachment.
The palmar presents, at its lower and ulnar side, a curved, hook-like process, the hamulus, directed forward and laterally.
The medial articulates with the triangular bone by an oblong facet, cut obliquely from above, downward and medialward.
The lateral articulates with the capitate by its upper and posterior part, the remaining portion being rough, for the attachment of ligaments.

Hook

Hamate bone of the left hand. Hamulus shown in red.

The hook of hamate (Latin: hamulus) is found at the proximal, ulnar side of the hamate bone. The hook is a curved, hook-like process that projects 1–2 mm distally and radially.^[2]

The hook forms the ulnar border of the carpal tunnel, and the radial border for Guyon's canal. Numerous structures attach to it, including ligaments from the pisiform, the transverse carpal ligament, and the tendon of Flexor carpi ulnaris.^[2]

Its medial surface to the flexor digiti minimi brevis and opponens digiti minimi; its lateral side is grooved for the passage of the flexor tendons into the palm of the hand.

Development

The ossification of the hamate starts between 1 and 12 months.^[3] The hamate does not fully ossify until about the 15th year of life.^[2]

In animals

The bone is also found in many other mammals, and is homologous with the "fourth distal carpal" of reptiles and amphibians.

Function

The carpal bones function as a unit to provide a bony superstructure for the hand.^[1]^:708

Clinical significance

The hamate bone is the bone most commonly fractured when a golfer hits the ground hard with a golf club on the downswing or a hockey player hits the ice with a slap shot. The fracture is usually a hairline fracture, commonly missed on normal X-rays. Symptoms are pain aggravated by gripping, tenderness over the hamate and symptoms of irritation of the ulnar nerve. This is characterized by numbness and weakness of the pinkie finger with partial involvement of the ring finger as well, the "ulnar 1½ fingers".

The hook of hamate is particularly prone to fracture-related complications such as non-union due to its tenuous blood supply.^[2]

It is also a common injury in baseball players. Several professional baseball players have had the bone removed during the course of their careers.^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8] This condition has been called "Wilson's Wrist".^[9]

The calcification of the unciform bone is seen on X-rays during puberty and is sometimes used in orthodontics to determine if an adolescent patient is suitable for orthognathic intervention (i.e. before or at their growth spurt).

Etymology

The etymology derives from the Latin hamatus "hooked," from hamus which means "hook".

Additional images

Position of hamate bone (shown in red). Left hand. Animation.
Hamate bone of the left hand. The hook-like process is called hamulus.
Hamate bone.
Right hand anterior view (palmar view). Thumb on top.
Right hand posterior view (dorsal view). Thumb on bottom.
Bones of the left hand. Palmar surface. Hamate shown in yellow.
Bones of the left hand. Dorsal surface. Hamate shown in yellow.
Transverse section across the wrist and digits. Hamate shown in yellow.
Cross section of wrist (thumb on left). Hamate shown in red.
Right wrist joint. Deep dissection. Anterior (palmar) view.

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 227 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

^ ^a ^b ^c Drake, Richard L.; Vogl, Wayne; Tibbitts, Adam W.M. Mitchell; illustrations by Richard; Richardson, Paul (2005). Gray's anatomy for students. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 978-0-8089-2306-0.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Eathorne, SW (March 2005). "The wrist: clinical anatomy and physical examination—an update". Primary care. 32 (1): 17–33. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2004.11.009. PMID 15831311.
^ Balachandran, Ajay; Kartha, Moumitha; Krishna, Anooj; Thomas, Jerry; K, Prathilash; TN, Prem; GK, Libu; B, Krishnan; John, Liza (2014). "A Study of Ossification of Capitate, Hamate, Triquetral & Lunate in Forensic Age Estimation". Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology. 8 (2): 218–224. doi:10.5958/0973-9130.2014.00720.8. ISSN 0973-9130. Retrieved August 18, 2014.
^ Snow, Chris (June 1, 2006). "Peña to have surgery". The Boston Globe. Retrieved September 2, 2011.
^ Manuel, John (March 31, 2004). "Wrist Troubles Drain Prospects' Power". Baseball America. Retrieved September 2, 2011.
^ Benjamin, Amalie (July 27, 2007). "He's gaining in arms race". The Boston Globe. Retrieved September 2, 2011.
^ "Dickerson has hand, wrist surgery". ESPN. Associated Press. May 3, 2010. Retrieved September 2, 2011.
^ Carobine, Kieran (March 8, 2011). "Domonic Brown's Surgery A Success". Phillies Nation. Retrieved September 2, 2011.
^ WILSON JN. Profiles of the carpal canal. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1954 Jan;36-A(1):127–132

UpToDate Contents

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1. 有鉤骨骨折hamate fractures [show details]
…objects. Hamate fractures are sometimes misdiagnosed as a wrist sprain. Examination of the hamate includes direct palpation and the hook of hamate pull test. Guyon Canal is adjacent to the hook, and thus …
2. 小児や青年の急性手首損傷の概要overview of acute wrist injuries in children and adolescents [show details]
…activities. On examination, there is point tenderness over the hook of the hamate, located just distal and lateral to the pisiform and the hook of the hamate pull test is positive Callus or skin changes …
3. 亜急性または慢性の手首の疼痛を有する成人の評価evaluation of the adult with subacute or chronic wrist pain [show details]
…joint space widening seen with ligament disruptions; Carpal tunnel view ‘‘Hook’’ view to check for hook of the hamate fractures Osteoarthritis of the radiocarpal joint is characterized by narrowing of …
4. 急性の手首の疼痛を有する成人患者の評価evaluation of the adult with acute wrist pain [show details]
…or ultrasound confirms the diagnosis. Volar (palmar) sided wrist pain; Hook of the hamate fracture – Fractures of the hook of the hamate often result from a fall onto an outstretched hand (FOOSH). They …
5. 手根骨骨折の概要overview of carpal fractures [show details]
…fractures are discussed separately. Fracture of the hamate ‒ Hamate fractures can involve either the hook or the body of the bone. Hook fractures are more common and result from a fall onto an outstretched …

English Journal

Radiographic signs of hook of hamate fracture: evaluation of diagnostic utility.

Spencer J, Hunt SL, Zhang C, Walter C, Everist B.
Skeletal radiology. 2019 May;().
Hook of hamate fracture, the most common swing-related wrist fracture, is commonly seen in high-level athletes. The fracture is rarely diagnosed on routine wrist radiographs, thus generally requiring CT or MR for diagnosis. Surgical excision has a high success rate, however diagnostic delay contribu
PMID 31134315
PMID 28613717

Computerized tomographic prediction of flexor tendon injuries complicating hamate hook fractures.

Takeda S, Tatebe M, Ishii H, Morita A, Wakai K, Hirata H.
The Journal of hand surgery, European volume. 2019 May;44(4)367-371.
We reviewed computerized axial tomography of 28 patients with hamate hook fractures who had surgical resection of the hook. We analysed the relationship between the fragment height ratio, fragment gap, and intraoperative findings of the tendons. We determined whether parameters in the images can pre
PMID 30674228

Japanese Journal

舟状骨骨折と有鉤骨鉤骨折を合併した1例

長田尚介,今泉泰彦,高畑正人
中部日本整形外科災害外科学会雑誌 61(5), 947-948, 2018
NAID 130007591088

有鉤骨鉤偽骨折に対して低出力超音波治療が有用であった1例

生田健明,振角和利,上本晴信
中部日本整形外科災害外科学会雑誌 61(2), 313-314, 2018
NAID 130007403192

症例報告有鉤骨鉤および関節面骨折を伴う第5CM関節掌側脱臼骨折の1例

吉澤秀,田崎憲一,岡﨑真人,石井秀明
臨床整形外科 52(11), 1091-1095, 2017-11
NAID 40021384301

「有鈎骨鈎」

Hamate bone
	Left hand anterior view (palmar view). Hamate bone shown in red.
	The left hamate bone
Details
Pronunciation	/ˈheɪmət/
Articulations	Articulates with five bones: ; the lunate proximally; the fourth and fifth metacarpals distally; the triangular medially; the capitate laterally
Identifiers
Latin	Os hamatum
MeSH	D051225
TA	A02.4.08.012
FMA	23730
	Anatomical terms of bone [edit on Wikidata]

　　[★]

英: hook of hamate (M,N,KA,KL), hamulus of hamate (KA,HT), hamate hook
関: 有鉤骨鉤
関: 有鈎骨

手根管の形成に寄与する

筋の付着

起始
- 短小指屈筋
- 小指対立筋
停止
- 尺側手根屈筋 ← N.433による

臨床関連

有鈎骨鈎骨折

「hook」

　　[★]

n.

鉤、留め金、ホック、掛けかぎ、自在かぎ、手、かぎ針、わな、かぎ形の刈り取りがま、かぎ

「hook of」

　　[★]

同: hamulus of

同: hamulus of

[GRAYS2005-1] Drake, Richard L.; Vogl, Wayne; Tibbitts, Adam W.M. Mitchell; illustrations by Richard; Richardson, Paul (2005). Gray's anatomy for students. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 978-0-8089-2306-0.

[EATHORNE2005-2] Eathorne, SW (March 2005). "The wrist: clinical anatomy and physical examination—an update". Primary care. 32 (1): 17–33. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2004.11.009. PMID 15831311.

[CHLT-3] Balachandran, Ajay; Kartha, Moumitha; Krishna, Anooj; Thomas, Jerry; K, Prathilash; TN, Prem; GK, Libu; B, Krishnan; John, Liza (2014). "A Study of Ossification of Capitate, Hamate, Triquetral & Lunate in Forensic Age Estimation". Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology. 8 (2): 218–224. doi:10.5958/0973-9130.2014.00720.8. ISSN 0973-9130. Retrieved August 18, 2014.

[4] Snow, Chris (June 1, 2006). "Peña to have surgery". The Boston Globe. Retrieved September 2, 2011.

[5] Manuel, John (March 31, 2004). "Wrist Troubles Drain Prospects' Power". Baseball America. Retrieved September 2, 2011.

[6] Benjamin, Amalie (July 27, 2007). "He's gaining in arms race". The Boston Globe. Retrieved September 2, 2011.

[7] "Dickerson has hand, wrist surgery". ESPN. Associated Press. May 3, 2010. Retrieved September 2, 2011.

[8] Carobine, Kieran (March 8, 2011). "Domonic Brown's Surgery A Success". Phillies Nation. Retrieved September 2, 2011.

[9] WILSON JN. Profiles of the carpal canal. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1954 Jan;36-A(1):127–132

リンク元	「有鈎骨鈎」
関連記事	「hook」「hook of」

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案内

hook of hamate