WordNet

a harmful or corrupting agency; "bigotry is a virus that must not be allowed to spread"; "the virus of jealousy is latent in everyone"
(virology) ultramicroscopic infectious agent that replicates itself only within cells of living hosts; many are pathogenic; a piece of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) wrapped in a thin coat of protein
a software program capable of reproducing itself and usually capable of causing great harm to files or other programs on the same computer; "a true virus cannot spread to another computer without human assistance" (同)computer virus
a message whose ingenuity or verbal skill or incongruity has the power to evoke laughter (同)humor, humour, witticism, wittiness
a rise in the temperature of the body; frequently a symptom of infection (同)febrility, febricity, pyrexia, feverishness
intense nervous anticipation; "in a fever of resentment"
a pattern of symptoms indicative of some disease
a complex of concurrent things; "every word has a syndrome of meanings"

PrepTutorEJDIC

《随伴・協調》…『と』,と共に,といっしょに / 《所有・所持》…『を持っている』,がある,の付いた / 《道具・手段》…『で』,を使って / 《財料・供給物》…『で』,を与えて / …を支持して,に賛成して / …『に反対(敵対)して』,を相手として / …『と同時に』,と同様に / …『に比べて』,に比例して / 《様態》《名詞を伴い副詞句として》『…で』,を示して,をもって / 《付帯状競》…『して』,しながら / 《譲歩》…がありながら,にもかかわらず / 『…が原因で』,のために,…で / …に任せて,のもとにあずけて,のところに / …に関して,について / …から離れて / 《連結・混合》…と / 《副詞と共に命令文で》
ビールス,ろ過性病原体
知る(know)
〈U〉『機知』,機転,ウィット / 〈C〉『機知に富む人』,機転のきく人 / 《複数形で;単数扱い》『理解(表現)力』,知性 / 《複数形で》(物事を見抜いたりもくろんだりする)才覚,才知 / 《複数形で;単数扱い》正気
〈U〉《しばしばa fever》(身体の異常な)『熱』,発熱 / 〈U〉『熱病』 / 〈U〉〈C〉(…に対する)『興奮』,熱狂《+『for』+『名』》
(疾患の徴候となる一群の)症徴候,症候群 / (事件・社会的状態などのパターンを示す)徴候形態

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1. ハンタウイルス感染による腎疾患（腎症候性出血熱） renal involvement with hantavirus infection hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
2. デング熱ウイルス感染症の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of dengue virus infection
3. ハンタウイルス感染の疫学および診断 epidemiology and diagnosis of hantavirus infections
4. 東アジアへの旅行によって感染する可能性のある疾患 diseases potentially acquired by travel to east asia
5. デング熱ウイルス感染症の病因 pathogenesis of dengue virus infection

English Journal

Epidemiology of Hantavirus infections in humans: a comprehensive, global overview.

Watson DC1, Sargianou M, Papa A, Chra P, Starakis I, Panos G.Author information 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Patras University General Hospital , Patras , Greece .AbstractHantaviruses comprise an emerging global threat for public health, affecting about 30,000 humans annually. Infection may lead to Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in the Americas and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in the Europe and Asia. Humans are spillover hosts, acquiring infection primarily through the inhalation of aerosolized excreta from infected rodents and insectivores. Risk factors for infection include involvement in outdoor activities, such as rural- and forest-related activities, peridomestic rodent presence, exposure to potentially infected dust and outdoor military training; prolonged, intimate contact with infected individuals promotes transmission of Andes virus, the only Hantavirus known to be transmitted from human-to-human. The total number of Hantavirus case reports is generally on the rise, as is the number of affected countries. Knowledge of the geographical distribution, regional incidence and associated risk factors of the disease are crucial for clinicians to suspect and diagnose infected individuals early on. Climatic, ecological and environmental changes are related to fluctuations in rodent populations, and subsequently to human epidemics. Thus, prevention may be enhanced by host-reservoir control and human exposure prophylaxis interventions, which likely have led to a dramatic reduction of human cases in China over the past decades; vaccination may also play a role in the future.
Critical reviews in microbiology.Crit Rev Microbiol.2014 Aug;40(3):261-72. doi: 10.3109/1040841X.2013.783555. Epub 2013 Apr 22.
Hantaviruses comprise an emerging global threat for public health, affecting about 30,000 humans annually. Infection may lead to Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in the Americas and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in the Europe and Asia. Humans are spillover hosts, acquiring infectio
PMID 23607444

Old World Hantaviruses in Rodents in New Orleans, Louisiana.

Cross RW1, Waffa B, Freeman A, Riegel C, Moses LM, Bennett A, Safronetz D, Fischer ER, Feldmann H, Voss TG, Bausch DG.Author information 1Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana; New Orleans Termite, Mosquito, and Rodent Control Board, New Orleans, Louisiana; Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana.AbstractSeoul virus, an Old World hantavirus, is maintained in brown rats and causes a mild form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in humans. We captured rodents in New Orleans, Louisiana and tested them for the presence of Old World hantaviruses by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with sequencing, cell culture, and electron microscopy; 6 (3.4%) of 178 rodents captured-all brown rats-were positive for a Seoul virus variant previously coined Tchoupitoulas virus, which was noted in rodents in New Orleans in the 1980s. The finding of Tchoupitoulas virus in New Orleans over 25 years since its first discovery suggests stable endemicity in the city. Although the degree to which this virus causes human infection and disease remains unknown, repeated demonstration of Seoul virus in rodent populations, recent cases of laboratory-confirmed HFRS in some US cities, and a possible link with hypertensive renal disease warrant additional investigation in both rodents and humans.
The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.Am J Trop Med Hyg.2014 Mar 17. [Epub ahead of print]
Seoul virus, an Old World hantavirus, is maintained in brown rats and causes a mild form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in humans. We captured rodents in New Orleans, Louisiana and tested them for the presence of Old World hantaviruses by reverse transcription polymerase chain react
PMID 24639295

Hantavirus immunology of rodent reservoirs: current status and future directions.

Schountz T1, Prescott J2.Author information 1Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80524, USA. tony.schountz@colostate.edu.2Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA. prescottjb@niaid.nih.gov.AbstractHantaviruses are hosted by rodents, insectivores and bats. Several rodent-borne hantaviruses cause two diseases that share many features in humans, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Eurasia or hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in the Americas. It is thought that the immune response plays a significant contributory role in these diseases. However, in reservoir hosts that have been closely examined, little or no pathology occurs and infection is persistent despite evidence of adaptive immune responses. Because most hantavirus reservoirs are not model organisms, it is difficult to conduct meaningful experiments that might shed light on how the viruses evade sterilizing immune responses and why immunopathology does not occur. Despite these limitations, recent advances in instrumentation and bioinformatics will have a dramatic impact on understanding reservoir host responses to hantaviruses by employing a systems biology approach to identify important pathways that mediate virus/reservoir relationships.
Viruses.Viruses.2014 Mar 14;6(3):1317-35. doi: 10.3390/v6031317.
Hantaviruses are hosted by rodents, insectivores and bats. Several rodent-borne hantaviruses cause two diseases that share many features in humans, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Eurasia or hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in the Americas. It is thought that the immune response plays a
PMID 24638205

Japanese Journal

Epidemiology of Hantavirus Infection in Thousand Islands Regency of Jakarta, Indonesia

IBRAHIM Ima-Nurisa,SHIMIZU Kenta,YOSHIMATSU Kumiko [他],YUNIANTO Andre,SALWATI Ervi,YASUDA Shumpei P.,KOMA Takaaki,ENDO Rika,ARIKAWA Jiro
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 75(8), 1003-1008, 2013
… Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a rodent-borne zoonotic disease caused by hantavirus infection. … A total of 170 rodents were captured in 2005, and 27 (15.9%) of the rodents were antibody-positive against Hantaan virus antigen in an immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and Western blotting. …
NAID 130003362164

Epidemiological Study of Hantavirus Infection in the Samara Region of European Russia

Kariwa Hiroaki,Tkachenko Evgeniy A.,Morozov Vyacheslav G. [他],SETO Takahiro,TANIKAWA Yoichi,KOLOMINOV Sergey I.,BELOV Sergey N.,NAKAMURA Ichiro,HASHIMOTO Nobuo,BALAKIEV Alexander E.,DZAGURNOVA Tamara K.,DAUD Nur Hardy bin Abu,MIYASHITA Daisuke,MEDVEDKINA Olga A.,NAKAUCHI Mina,ISHIZUKA Mariko,YOSHII Kentaro,YOSHIMATSU Kumiko,ARIKAWA Jiro,TAKASHIMA Ikuo
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 71(12), 1569-1578, 2009
… European Russia is a highly endemic area of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), a rodent-borne zoonotic disease, caused by hantaviruses. … The Puumala virus (PUUV), which is one of the hantavirus species, was detected in the lungs of seven M. … The virus S-segment was extremely similar (96.2% to 99.3%) to the sequence found in a fatal case of HFRS in the Samara region. …
NAID 130000149982

Genetic and antigenic analyses of a Puumala virus isolate as a potential vaccine strain

Abu Daud Nur Hardy,Kariwa Hiroaki,Tkachenko Evgeniy,Dzagurnova Tamara,Medvedkina Olga,Tkachenko Peter,Ishizuka Mariko,Seto Takahiro,Miyashita Daisuke,Sanada Takahiro,Nakauchi Mina,Yoshii Kentaro,Maeda Akihiko,Yoshimatsu Kumiko,Arikawa Jiro,Takashima Ikuo
Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research 56(3), 151-165, 2008-11
… Puumala virus (PUUV), a causative agent of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), is prevalent in Europe and European Russia. … However, DTK/Ufa-97 and other strains of PUUV exhibited similar patterns of binding to a panel of monoclonal antibodies against Hantaan virus. …
NAID 120001024525