glottic

Glottis
	Arytenoid cartilage
	Glottis positions
Identifiers
MeSH	A04.329.364
TA	A06.2.09.012
FMA	55414
	Anatomical terminology

adj.

声門の

関: glottis

WordNet

the vocal apparatus of the larynx; the true vocal folds and the space between them where the voice tone is generated

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声門

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/05/16 20:06:48」(JST)

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The glottis is defined as the vocal folds and the opening between them (the rima glottidis).^[1]

Structure

Function

Phonation

As the vocal folds vibrate, the resulting vibration produces a "buzzing" quality to the speech, called voice or voicing or pronunciation.

Sound production involving only the glottis is called glottal.^{[citation needed]} English has a voiceless glottal transition spelled "h". In many accents of English the glottal stop (made by pressing the folds together) is used as a variant allophone of the phoneme /t/ (and in some dialects, occasionally of /k/ and /p/); in some languages, this sound is a phoneme of its own.^{[citation needed]}

Skilled players of the Australian didgeridoo restrict their glottal opening in order to produce the full range of timbres available on the instrument.^[2]

The vibration produced is an essential component of voiced consonants as well as vowels. If the vocal folds are drawn apart, air flows between them causing no vibration, as in the production of voiceless consonants.^{[citation needed]}

The glottis is also important in the valsalva maneuver.

Voiced consonants include /v/, /z/, /ʒ/, /d͡ʒ/, /ð/, /b/, /d/, /ɡ/, /w/.
Voiceless consonants include /f/, /s/, /ʃ/, /t͡ʃ/, /θ/, /p/, /t/, /k/, /ʍ/, and /h/.

Additional images

Larynx

The entrance to the larynx, viewed from behind.

The entrance to the larynx.

Glottis

Larynx, pharynx and tongue. Deep dissection.Posterior view.

References

^ WebMD (2009). "glottis". Webster's New World Medical Dictionary (3rd ed.). Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 178. ISBN 978-0-544-18897-6.
^ Tarnopolsky, Alex; Fletcher, Neville; Hollenberg, Lloyd; Lange, Benjamin; Smith, John; Wolfe, Joe (2005). "Acoustics: The vocal tract and the sound of a didgeridoo". Nature 436 (7047): 39. Bibcode:2005Natur.436...39T. doi:10.1038/43639a. PMID 16001056.

External links

States of the Glottis (Esling & Harris, University of Victoria)
Universität Stuttgart Speech production
De Menezes Lyra, Roberto (1999). "Glottis Simulator". Anesthesia & Analgesia 88 (6): 1422–3. doi:10.1213/00000539-199906000-00044. PMID 10357358.

UpToDate Contents

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4. 頭頚部癌の診断および病期分類の概要 overview of the diagnosis and staging of head and neck cancer
5. 成人における気道確保困難 the difficult airway in adults

English Journal

The duration of fibre-optic intubation is increased by cricoid pressure. A randomised double-blind study.

Arenkiel B, Smitt M, Olsen KS.SourceUniversity of Copenhagen, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark.
Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica.Acta Anaesthesiol Scand.2013 Mar;57(3):358-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2012.02789.x. Epub 2012 Oct 17.
BACKGROUND: In some categories of patients, a rapid sequence induction using a fibre-optic method may be indicated. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of cricoid pressure (CP) on the duration of fibre-optic intubation. The hypothesis was that CP would prolong the intubation time.
PMID 23075453

Vocal fold insufficiency: medialization laryngoplasty vs calcium hydroxylapatite microspheres (Radiesse Voice®).

Cantillo-Baños E, Jurado-Ramos A, Gutiérrez-Jódas J, Ariza-Vargas L.SourceOtolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Service, Reina Sofía University Hospital.
Acta oto-laryngologica.Acta Otolaryngol.2013 Mar;133(3):270-5. doi: 10.3109/00016489.2012.728717. Epub 2012 Nov 13.
Abstract Conclusion: The choice of technique will depend on the glottic gap observed by stroboscopy, the alteration of the Voice Handicap Index (VHI) and the recorded values of harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR), jitter and shimmer, and the general health, age and underlying pathology. There are stat
PMID 23145984

Supracricoid partial laryngectomy with cricothyroidopexy: A treatment for anterior vocal commissure laryngeal squamous carcinoma.

Wen WP, Su ZZ, Zhu XL, Jiang AY, Chai LP, Wang ZF, Wen YH, Lei WB.SourceDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Otorhinolaryngology Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China 510080.
Head & neck.Head Neck.2013 Mar;35(3):311-5. doi: 10.1002/hed.22965. Epub 2012 Feb 24.
BACKGROUND: The clinical efficiency and functional outcomes of supracricoid partial laryngectomy (SCPL) with cricothyroidopexy (CTP) were compared with those of the traditional SCPL with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy (CHEP) in treating laryngeal squamous carcinoma involving anterior vocal commissure (AVC
PMID 22367764

Japanese Journal

陳旧性一側喉頭麻痺に対する披裂軟骨内転術と神経移行術の併用術の経時的効果

兒玉成博,讃岐徹治,湯本英二
音声言語医学 54(1), 8-13, 2013
一側喉頭麻痺の嗄声に対する外科的治療には，甲状軟骨形成術I型，声帯内注入術，披裂軟骨内転術，神経再建術がある．今回，陳旧性一側喉頭麻痺に対し，披裂軟骨内転術に併用して神経移行術を行った症例の術後発声機能を経時的に検討した．検討項目は，声帯振動の規則性，振幅，声門間隙，空気力学的検査（MPT，MFR），聴覚心理的評価のGRBAS尺度（G，B）である．検討は，術前および術後1，3，6，12，24ヵ月と …
NAID 130003373824

Comparison of the Pentax-AWS airway scope with the Macintosh laryngoscope for nasotracheal intubation: a randomized, prospective study

鈴木昭広,Onodera Yoshiko,Mitamura Sayuri M,Mamiya Keiko,Kunisawa Takayuki,Takahara Osamu,Henderson John J,Iwasaki Hiroshi
Journal of clinical anesthesia 24(7), 561-565, 2012-11-00
… n = 30).MEASUREMENTS: Percentage of glottic opening (POGO) score at the time of laryngeal exposure, time required for intubation, and intubation difficulty scale (IDS) were measured. … In Groups AWS-I and AWS-D, IDS scores were reduced significantly, and the percentages of glottic opening were significantly improved, compared with the Macintosh group. …
NAID 120005229767