WordNet

make ones way by force; "He muscled his way into the office"
animal tissue consisting predominantly of contractile cells (同)muscular_tissue
one of the contractile organs of the body (同)musculus
authority or power or force (especially when used in a coercive way); "the senators used their muscle to get the party leader to resign"

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉(動物体の組織としての)『筋肉』,筋(きん);〈C〉(体の各部を動かす)筋肉 / 〈U〉力,(特に)筋力,腕力 / 《俗に》(…に)強引に割り込む《+『in on』(『into, through』)+『名』》
筋肉の,筋力のある / 力ずくの

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/10/22 12:56:18」(JST)

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The Geniohyoid muscle is a narrow muscle situated superior to the medial border of the mylohyoid muscle. It is named for its passage from the chin ("genio-" is a standard prefix for "chin")^[1] to the hyoid bone.

Structure

It arises from the inferior mental spine, on the back of the mandibular symphysis, and runs backward and slightly downward, to be inserted into the anterior surface of the body of the hyoid bone.^[2] ^:346 It lies in contact with its fellow of the opposite side. It thus belongs to the suprahyoid muscles.

Innervation

The geniohyoid muscle is innervated by fibres from the first cervical nerve travelling alongside the hypoglossal nerve.^[2] ^:346^[3]^[4] ^:988

Variations

It may be blended with the one on opposite side or double; slips to greater cornu of hyoid bone and Genioglossus occur.

Function

The geniohyoid muscle brings the hyoid bone forward and upwards.^[2] This dilates the upper airway, assisting respiration.^[3] During the first act of deglutition, when the mass of food is being driven from the mouth into the pharynx, the hyoid bone, and with it the tongue, is carried upward and forward by the anterior bellies of the Digastrici, the Mylohyoidei, and Geniohyoidei. It also assists in depressing the mandible

History

The inclined position of the geniohyoid muscle has been contrasted to the horizontal position in neandertals. ^[5]

Additional images

Hyoid bone. Anterior surface. Enlarged.
Sagittal section of nose mouth, pharynx, and larynx.
Geniohyoid muscle
Geniohyoid muscle
Geniohyoid muscle

References

^ http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/genio-
^ ^a ^b ^c Singh, Inderbir (2009). Essentials of anatomy (2nd ed. ed.). New Delhi: Jaypee Bros. ISBN 978-81-8448-461-8.
^ ^a ^b Takahashi, S. (1 December 2002). "Breathing modes, body positions, and suprahyoid muscle activity". Journal of Orthodontics 29 (4): 307–313. doi:10.1093/ortho/29.4.307.
^ Drake, Richard L.; Vogl, Wayne; Tibbitts, Adam W.M. Mitchell; illustrations by Richard; Richardson, Paul (2005). Gray's anatomy for students (Pbk. ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 978-0-443-06612-2.
^ Barney, A.; Martelli, S.; Serrurier, A.; Steele, J. (21 November 2011). "Articulatory capacity of Neanderthals, a very recent and human-like fossil hominin". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367 (1585): 88–102. doi:10.1098/rstb.2011.0259.

External links

Origin, insertion and nerve supply of the muscle at Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine
-221249457 at GPnotebook
Anatomy figure: 34:02-06 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center
Geniohyoid+muscle at eMedicine Dictionary
Anatomy diagram: 25420.000-1 at Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator, Elsevier
Frontal section

This article incorporates text from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 筋力低下の評価における筋力検査 muscle examination in the evaluation of weakness
2. 慢性閉塞性肺疾患（COPD）における呼吸筋のトレーニングおよび安静 respiratory muscle training and resting in copd
3. 神経筋疾患の評価における筋酵素 muscle enzymes in the evaluation of neuromuscular diseases
4. 救急外来における急性の筋力低下を訴える成人の評価 evaluation of the adult with acute weakness in the emergency department
5. 糖尿病性筋梗塞 diabetic muscle infarction

English Journal

Aging-related geniohyoid muscle atrophy is related to aspiration status in healthy older adults.

Feng X, Todd T, Lintzenich CR, Ding J, Carr JJ, Ge Y, Browne JD, Kritchevsky SB, Butler SG.SourceDepartment of Otolaryngology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157. xfeng@wakehealth.edu.
The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences.J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci.2013 Jul;68(7):853-60. doi: 10.1093/gerona/gls225. Epub 2012 Oct 30.
BACKGROUND: Age-related muscle weakness due to atrophy and fatty infiltration in orofacial muscles may be related to swallowing deficits in older adults. An important component of safe swallowing is the geniohyoid (GH) muscle, which helps elevate and stabilize the hyoid bone, thus protecting the air
PMID 23112114

Oral muscles are progressively affected in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: implications for dysphagia treatment.

van den Engel-Hoek L, Erasmus CE, Hendriks JC, Geurts AC, Klein WM, Pillen S, Sie LT, de Swart BJ, de Groot IJ.SourceDepartment of Rehabilitation, Nijmegen Centre for Evidence Based Practice, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein 10, internal post 818, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands. L.vandenEngel@reval.umcn.nl
Journal of neurology.J Neurol.2013 May;260(5):1295-303. doi: 10.1007/s00415-012-6793-y. Epub 2012 Dec 23.
Dysphagia is reported in advanced stages of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The population of DMD is changing due to an increasing survival. We aimed to describe the dysphagia in consecutive stages and to assess the underlying mechanisms of dysphagia in DMD, in order to develop mechanism based re
PMID 23263593

Japanese Journal

体格指数と舌筋の脂肪化が無呼吸・低呼吸指数に及ぼす影響

玉井和樹,小林馨,五十嵐千浪,小佐野貴識
歯科放射線 53(3), 21-27, 2013
… Objective: In recent years, it has been postulated that a change in muscle function is associated with the etiology of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). … Saito and colleagues previously reported the impact of obesity on the properties of the lingual muscles (genioglossus and geniohyoid) in rats (Arch Oral Biol (2010; … However, in previous images, fat to muscle metamorphosis was not shown in humans. … The degree of fat to muscle metamorphosis was measured using CT. …
NAID 130004912418

嚥下障害者の嚥下能力評価 : 表面筋電図と嚥下造影図による検討

喰田京介,伊賀崎伴彦,林田祐樹 [他],村山伸樹,古閑公治
電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. MBE, MEとバイオサイバネティックス 110(399), 105-108, 2011-01-20
近年,高齢化や疾病の重症化に伴い,嚥下運動に障害のある患者が増加しており,これは誤嚥性肺炎の原因となるため問題となっている.そこで我々は,嚥下機能の客観的評価法として,非侵襲的な方法である表面筋電図を計測し,同時記録した嚥下造影図を参考とすることで,嚥下障害者における嚥下運動時の表面筋電図の特徴を検討した.被験者は,高齢健常者群として男性1名,女性4名(65〜75歳),嚥下障害者群として男性6名, …
NAID 110008676342

舌骨上筋群の解剖

三枝英人
耳鼻咽喉科展望 53(4), 246-253, 2010
… Suprahyoid muscles are composed of three different originated muscles, including the first branchial muscles (the mylohyoid and the anterior belly of the digastrics muscle), the second branchial muscles (the stylohyoid muscle and the posterior belly of the digastrics muscle), and the occipital somite (the geniohyoid muscle). …
NAID 130004911737

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「オトガイ舌骨筋」
関連記事	「muscle」

「オトガイ舌骨筋」

Geniohyoid muscle
	Anterior view. Geniohyoid muscle labeled at upper center left
	Extrinsic muscles of the tongue. Left side.
Latin	musculus geniohyoideus
Gray's	p.393
Origin	Inferior mental spine of Mandible
Insertion	hyoid bone
Nerve	C1 via the hypoglossal nerve (XII)
Actions	carry hyoid bone and the tongue upward during deglutition
TA	A04.2.03.007
FMA	FMA:46325
	Anatomical terms of muscle

　　[★]

英: geniohypoid (K)
関: 舌骨上筋

-図：

起始

下顎骨(オトガイ棘)

停止

舌骨(舌骨体)

神経

第1，2頚神経前枝

機能

舌骨を前方へ引く。舌骨の固定時→下顎を下げる

カテゴリ

舌骨上筋＞:舌骨上筋

英: geniohyoid muscle

「muscle」

　　[★]

n.

筋肉

[1] ttp://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/genio-

[SINGH2009-2] Singh, Inderbir (2009). Essentials of anatomy (2nd ed. ed.). New Delhi: Jaypee Bros. ISBN 978-81-8448-461-8.

[TAKAHASHI2002-3] Takahashi, S. (1 December 2002). "Breathing modes, body positions, and suprahyoid muscle activity". Journal of Orthodontics 29 (4): 307–313. doi:10.1093/ortho/29.4.307.

[GRAYS2005-4] Drake, Richard L.; Vogl, Wayne; Tibbitts, Adam W.M. Mitchell; illustrations by Richard; Richardson, Paul (2005). Gray's anatomy for students (Pbk. ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 978-0-443-06612-2.

[5] Barney, A.; Martelli, S.; Serrurier, A.; Steele, J. (21 November 2011). "Articulatory capacity of Neanderthals, a very recent and human-like fossil hominin". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367 (1585): 88–102. doi:10.1098/rstb.2011.0259.

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案内

geniohyoid muscle