出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/02/13 16:16:15」(JST)
| ガービッジ Garbage |
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2012年5月のツアーでのライブ
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| 基本情報 | |
| 出身地 | アメリカ合衆国ウィスコンシン州 スコットランド エディンバラ |
| ジャンル | オルタナティヴ・ロック |
| 活動期間 | 1994 - |
| 公式サイト | www.garbage.com |
| メンバー | |
| シャーリー・マンソン デューク・エリクソン |
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ガービッジ（Garbage）は、アメリカ合衆国・スコットランドのロックバンド。
紅一点のヴォーカル、シャーリー・マンソンの存在感とコケティッシュな魅力が特徴。アルバムの累計セールスが1500万枚を超える。
バンド名は、サンプリング・ループ等を聞きながらメンバーがつぶやいた一言「ゴミ（GARBAGE）みたいだね」に由来する。
1994年、ニルヴァーナ等のプロデュースで知られるブッチ・ヴィグを中心にニューヨークで結成。
1995年、ファーストアルバム『G』（原題：『Garbage』）でデビュー、全世界で500万枚以上のセールスを記録。（アメリカ合衆国、イギリスとオーストラリアでプラチナを獲得。）
1998年、セカンドアルバム『Version 2.0』をリリース。ヨーロッパ各地のチャートで初登場1位を記録し、ファーストアルバムを上回る600万枚以上を売り上げた。同年、フジロック・フェスティバルに出演。
2001年、サードアルバム『Beautiful Garbage』をリリース。
2003年、次のアルバムのレコーディングを開始するも、ブッチ・ヴィグ所有のレコーディング・スタジオに10トントラックが突っ込んだり、シャーリー・マンソンの声帯手術（嚢胞除去手術は成功）やブッチ・ヴィグがA型肝炎感染したりするなど多くのアクシデントに見舞われ、さらに創作に対する意見の不一致、各メンバーの環境の変化により解散の危機を迎える。
2005年、アルバム『Bleed Like Me』で復活したが、ワールドツアー初日にメンバー全員がインフルエンザに罹ってしまう。特にシャーリー・マンソンの症状がひどかったため、ツアー途中で残りの日程をキャンセルした。ツアー終了後、一時活動停止を宣言した[1]。
2007年、ベストアルバム『Absolute Garbage』を発表。同アルバムに収録のため新曲が1曲制作され[2][3]、先行シングルとしてリリースされた。
2010年11月、2011年に新作のリリースやツアーを予定していることが報じられた[4]。
| ウィキメディア・コモンズには、ガービッジに関連するカテゴリがあります。 |
| この項目は、音楽に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めています（ポータル 音楽/ウィキプロジェクト 音楽）。 |
| The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. Please improve this article and discuss the issue on the talk page. (March 2012) |
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Municipal solid waste (MSW), commonly known as trash or garbage in the U.S. and as refuse or rubbish in the UK, is a waste type consisting of everyday items that are discarded by the public. "Garbage" can also refer specifically to food waste, as in a garbage disposal; the two are sometimes collected separately.
The composition of municipal solid waste varies greatly from municipality to municipality (country to country) and changes significantly with time. In municipalities (countries) which have a well developed waste recycling culture, the waste stream consists mainly of intractable wastes such as plastic film, and un-recyclable packaging materials. At the start of the 20th century, the majority of domestic waste (53%) in the UK consisted of coal ash from open fires[1] In developed municipalities (countries) without significant recycling activity it predominantly includes food wastes, market wastes, yard wastes, plastic containers and product packaging materials, and other miscellaneous solid wastes from residential, commercial, institutional, and industrial sources.[2] Most definitions of municipal solid waste do not include industrial wastes, agricultural wastes, medical waste, radioactive waste or sewage sludge.[3] Waste collection is performed by the municipality within a given area. The term residual waste relates to waste left from household sources containing materials that have not been separated out or sent for reprocessing.[4] Waste can be classified in several ways but the following list represents a typical classification:
The municipal solid waste industry has four components: recycling, composting, landfilling, and waste-to-energy via incineration.[5] The primary steps are generation, collection, sorting and separation, transfer, and disposal. Activities in which materials are identified as no longer being of value and are either thrown out or gathered together for disposal.
The functional element of collection includes not only the gathering of solid waste and recyclable materials, but also the transport of these materials, after collection, to the location where the collection vehicle is emptied. This location may be a materials processing facility, a transfer station or a landfill disposal site.
Waste handling and separation involves activities associated with waste management until the waste is placed in storage containers for collection. Handling also encompasses the movement of loaded containers to the point of collection. Separating different types of waste components is an important step in the handling and storage of solid waste at the source.
The types of means and facilities that are now used for the recovery of waste materials that have been separated at the source include curbside collection, drop off and buy back centers. The separation and processing of wastes that have been separated at the source and the separation of commingled wastes usually occur at a materials recovery facility, transfer stations, combustion facilities and disposal sites.
This element involves two main steps. First, the waste is transferred from a smaller collection vehicle to larger transport equipment. The waste is then transported, usually over long distances, to a processing or disposal site.
Today, the disposal of wastes by land filling or land spreading is the ultimate fate of all solid wastes, whether they are residential wastes collected and transported directly to a landfill site, residual materials from materials recovery facilities (MRFs), residue from the combustion of solid waste, compost, or other substances from various solid waste processing facilities. A modern sanitary landfill is not a dump; it is an engineered facility used for disposing of solid wastes on land without creating nuisances or hazards to public health or safety, such as the breeding of insects and the contamination of ground water.
Municipal solid waste can be used to generate energy. Several technologies have been developed that make the processing of MSW for energy generation cleaner and more economical than ever before, including landfill gas capture, combustion, pyrolysis, gasification, and plasma arc gasification.[6] While older waste incineration plants emitted high levels of pollutants, recent regulatory changes and new technologies have significantly reduced this concern. United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations in 1995 and 2000 under the Clean Air Act have succeeded in reducing emissions of dioxins from waste-to-energy facilities by more than 99 percent below 1990 levels, while mercury emissions have been by over 90 percent.[7] The EPA noted these improvements in 2003, citing waste-to-energy as a power source “with less environmental impact than almost any other source of electricity”.[8]
| This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2011) |
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| リンク元 | 「ゴミ」「汚物」 |