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a unit of magnetic field strength equal to one-hundred-thousandth of an oersted
the 3rd letter of the Greek alphabet
a herd of whales

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ガンマ(ギリシア語アルファベットの第3字Γ,γ;英語のG,gに相当)
(特に女性の)魅力的な脚,すんなりした脚

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/04/18 03:36:15」(JST)

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Gamma-synuclein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNCG gene.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Synuclein-gamma is a member of the synuclein family of proteins, which are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. High levels of SNCG have been identified in advanced breast carcinomas suggesting a correlation between overexpression of SNCG and breast tumor development.^[3] Gamma-synuclein is a synuclein protein found primarily in the peripheral nervous system (in primary sensory neurons, sympathetic neurons, and motor neurons) and retina.^[4] It is also detected in the brain, ovarian tumors, and in the olfactory epithelium. Gamma-synuclein is the least conserved of the synuclein proteins.^[5]

Gamma-Synucleins expression in breast tumors is a marker for tumor progression^[6] as mammalian gamma-synuclein was first identified as breast cancer-specific gene 1 (BCSG1). A change in the expression of gamma-synuclein has been observed in the retina of patients with Alzheimer's disease. The normal cellular function of gamma-synuclein remains unknown.^[4]

Interactions

Gamma-synuclein has been shown to interact with BUB1B.^[7]

References

^ Ji H, Liu YE, Jia T, Wang M, Liu J, Xiao G, Joseph BK, Rosen C, Shi YE (Mar 1997). "Identification of a breast cancer-specific gene, BCSG1, by direct differential cDNA sequencing". Cancer Res 57 (4): 759–64. PMID 9044857.
^ Ninkina NN, Alimova-Kost MV, Paterson JW, Delaney L, Cohen BB, Imreh S, Gnuchev NV, Davies AM, Buchman VL (Oct 1998). "Organization, expression and polymorphism of the human persyn gene". Hum Mol Genet 7 (9): 1417–24. doi:10.1093/hmg/7.9.1417. PMID 9700196.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: SNCG synuclein, gamma (breast cancer-specific protein 1)".
^ ^a ^b George, JM (2002). "The synucleins". Genome Biology 3 (1): REVIEWS3002. doi:10.1186/gb-2001-3-1-reviews3002. PMC 150459. PMID 11806835.
^ Lavedan, C. (1998). "The synuclein family". Genome Res. 8 (9): 871–880. doi:10.1101/gr.8.9.871. PMID 9750188.
^ Bruening, W, Giasson, BI, Klein-Szanto, AJ, Lee, VM, Trojanowski, JQ, Godwin, AK. (2000). "Synucleins are expressed in the majority of breast and ovarian carcinomas and in preneoplastic lesions of the ovary". Cancer 88 (9): 2154–2163. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(20000501)88:9<2154::AID-CNCR23>3.0.CO;2-9. PMID 10813729.
^ Gupta, Anu; Inaba Satoru, Wong Oi Kwan, Fang Guowei, Liu Jingwen (Oct 2003). "Breast cancer-specific gene 1 interacts with the mitotic checkpoint kinase BubR1". Oncogene (England) 22 (48): 7593–9. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1206880. ISSN 0950-9232. PMID 14576821. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)

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English Journal

Quantitative expression proteomics and phosphoproteomics profile of brain from PINK1 knockout mice: insights into mechanisms of familial Parkinson's disease.

Triplett JC1, Zhang Z, Sultana R, Cai J, Klein JB, Büeler H, Butterfield DA.
Journal of neurochemistry.J Neurochem.2015 Jun;133(5):750-65. doi: 10.1111/jnc.13039. Epub 2015 Mar 1.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-related, neurodegenerative motor disorder characterized by progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and presence of α-synuclein-containing protein aggregates. Mutations in the mitochondrial Ser/Thr kinase PTEN-induced
PMID 25626353

γ-Synuclein confers both pro-invasive and doxorubicin-mediated pro-apoptotic properties to the colon adenocarcinoma LS 174T cell line.

Goh KW1, Say YH.
Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine.Tumour Biol.2015 May 9. [Epub ahead of print]
γ-synuclein, a neuronal protein of the synuclein family, is involved in carcinogenesis. To investigate its role in colorectal cancer carcinogenesis, we overexpressed γ-synuclein in LS 174T colon adenocarcinoma cell line (termed LS 174T-γsyn). When compared with untransfected/mock transfectants, L
PMID 25956278

Generation and characterization of novel conformation-specific monoclonal antibodies for α-synuclein pathology.

Vaikath NN1, Majbour NK2, Paleologou KE3, Ardah MT2, van Dam E4, van de Berg WD4, Forrest SL5, Parkkinen L6, Gai WP7, Hattori N8, Takanashi M9, Lee SJ10, Mann DM11, Imai Y12, Halliday GM13, Li JY14, El-Agnaf OM15.
Neurobiology of disease.Neurobiol Dis.2015 Apr 30. pii: S0969-9961(15)00156-4. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.04.009. [Epub ahead of print]
α-Synuclein (α-syn), a small protein that has the intrinsic propensity to aggregate, is implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA), which are collectively known as synucleinopathies. Geneti
PMID 25937088

Japanese Journal

Differential Expression of Sarcoplasmic and Myofibrillar Proteins of Rat Soleus Muscle during Denervation Atrophy

Sato Yusuke,Shimizu Motoyuki,Mizunoya Wataru [他],WARIISHI Hiroyuki,TATSUMI Ryuichi,BUCHMAN Vladimir L.,IKEUCHI Yoshihide
Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 73(8), 1748-1756, 2009-08-23
… We also found two proteins, APOBEC-2 (RNA-editing enzyme) and Gamma-synuclein (breast cancer related protein), which have not been recognized as denervation-induced proteins to date. …
NAID 10027544300

beta-Synuclein reduces proteasomal inhibition by alpha-synuclein but not gamma-synuclein

SNYDER H
J Biol Chem 280, 7562-7569, 2005
NAID 30016366840

「γシヌクレイン」

Synuclein, gamma (breast cancer-specific protein 1)
Identifiers
Symbols	SNCG ; BCSG1; SR
External IDs	OMIM: 602998 MGI: 1298397 HomoloGene: 2322 GeneCards: SNCG Gene
Gene Ontology
Molecular function	• alpha-tubulin binding; • beta-tubulin binding;
Cellular component	• microtubule organizing center; • spindle; • plasma membrane; • neuronal cell body; • axon terminus; • perinuclear region of cytoplasm;
Biological process	• aggressive behavior; • synaptic transmission; • adult locomotory behavior; • regulation of dopamine secretion; • response to cocaine; • response to drug; • regulation of neurotransmitter secretion; • synapse organization; • cellular response to hydrostatic pressure;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
	More reference expression data
Orthologs
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