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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/05/13 02:25:35」(JST)

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Fucose is a hexose deoxy sugar with the chemical formula C₆H₁₂O₅. It is found on N-linked glycans on the mammalian, insect and plant cell surface, and is the fundamental sub-unit of the fucoidan polysaccharide. α(1→3) linked core fucose is a suspected carbohydrate antigen for IgE-mediated allergy.^[1]

Two structural features distinguish fucose from other six-carbon sugars present in mammals: the lack of a hydroxyl group on the carbon at the 6-position (C-6) (thereby making it a deoxy sugar) and the L-configuration. It is equivalent to 6-deoxy-L-galactose.

In the fucose-containing glycan structures, fucosylated glycans, fucose can exist as a terminal modification or serve as an attachment point for adding other sugars.^[2] In human N-linked glycans, fucose is most commonly linked α-1,6 to the reducing terminal β-N-acetylglucosamine. However, fucose at the non-reducing termini linked α-1,2 to galactose forms the H antigen, the substructure of the A and B blood group antigens.

Fucose is released from fucose-containing polymers by an enzyme called α-fucosidase.

L-Fucose is claimed to have application in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and dietary supplements. However, these claims are often not supported by peer-reviewed scientific studies.

Fucosylation of antibodies has been established to reduce binding to the Fc receptor (FcgammaRIIIA) of Natural Killer cells and thereby reduce antigen-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Therefore therapeutic antibodies that are designed to recruit the immune system to cancers cells ave been manufactured in cell lines deficient in the enzyme for core fucosylation (FUT8) and thereby enhancing the in vivo cell killing.^[3]

References

^ Daniel J. Becker; John B. Lowe (July 2003). "Fucose: biosynthesis and biological function in mammals". Glycobiology 13 (7): 41R–53R. doi:10.1093/glycob/cwg054. PMID 12651883.
^ Daniel J. Moloney; Robert S. Haltiwanger (July 1999). "The O-linked fucose glycosylation pathway: identification and characterization of a uridine diphosphoglucose: fucose-[beta]1,3-glucosyltransferase activity from Chinese hamster ovary cells". Glycobiology 9 (7): 679–687. doi:10.1093/glycob/9.7.679. PMID 10362837.
^ Dalziel, Martin; Crispin, Max; Scanlan, Christopher N.; Zitzmann, Nicole; Dwek, Raymond A. (2014-01-03). "Emerging Principles for the Therapeutic Exploitation of Glycosylation". Science 343 (6166): 1235681. doi:10.1126/science.1235681. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 24385630.

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English Journal

Purification, characterization and antiglycation activity of a novel polysaccharide from black currant.

Xu Y1, Liu G1, Yu Z2, Song X1, Li X2, Yang Y3, Wang L1, Liu L2, Dai J2.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 May 15;199:694-701. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.12.078. Epub 2015 Dec 18.
A novel polysaccharide fraction (BCP-1) was extracted from the black currant fruit by ultrasound-assisted compound enzyme and purified by chromatography on macroporous resin D4006, anion-exchange Q-Sepharose FF and Sephadex G-100 columns. BCP-1 consisted of galacturonic acid, xylose, mannose, glucos
PMID 26776026

Antioxidant activities of crude extracts of fucoidan extracted from Sargassum glaucescens by a compressional-puffing-hydrothermal extraction process.

Huang CY1, Wu SJ2, Yang WN3, Kuan AW3, Chen CY3.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Apr 15;197 Pt B:1121-9. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.11.100. Epub 2015 Nov 27.
Fucoidan, a multifunctional marine polymer, is normally extracted from brown algae via extensive use of acid, solvent or high temperature water and a long reaction time. In present study, we developed a novel compressional-puffing-hydrothermal extraction (CPHE) process which primarily decomposes the
PMID 26675848

Structural elucidation and protective role of a polysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme on ameliorating learning and memory deficiencies in mice.

Hu P1, Li Z2, Chen M2, Sun Z2, Ling Y3, Jiang J4, Huang C5.
Carbohydrate polymers.Carbohydr Polym.2016 Mar 30;139:150-8. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.12.019. Epub 2015 Dec 12.
A fucoidan, Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide 65 (SFPS65) A, was isolated from a brown alga (S. fusiforme). SFPS65A had an estimated molecular weight of 90kDa and showed αD(20) -74.3288 (c 0.05, H2O). SFPS65A is composed of fucose, galactose, xylose, glucose, glucuronic acid, and mannose in the ra
PMID 26794958

Japanese Journal

Arabidopsis β1,2-xylosyltransferase : Substrate specificity and participation in the plant-specific N-glycosylation pathway(ENZYMOLOGY, PROTEIN ENGINEERING, AND ENZYME TECHNOLOGY)

Kajiura Hiroyuki,Okamoto Toru,Misaki Ryo,Matsuura Yoshiharu,Fujiyama Kazuhito
Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 113(1), 48-54, 2012-01
… However, AtXYLT showed decreased activity with substrates that contained α1,3-fucose at the chitobiose core-GlcNAc or a terminal GlcNAc at the α1,6-branched Man residue of GlcNAcβ1,2-Man (GlcNAcβ1,2-Manα1,6-Man; …
NAID 110008897352

The potent activity of sulfated polysaccharide, ascophyllan, isolated from Ascophyllum nodosum to induce nitric oxide and cytokine production from mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells: Comparison between ascophyllan and fucoidan.

Jiang Zedong,Okimura Takasi,Yamaguchi Kenichi,Oda Tatsuya
Nitric Oxide : Biology and Chemistry / official journal of the Nitric Oxide Society 25(4), 407-415, 2011-11-30
… Ascophyllan isolated from the brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum is a fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharide, which has similar but distinct characteristic monosaccharide composition and entire chemical structure to fucoidan. …
NAID 120003550949

「GDP fucose」

L-Fucose
Names
	IUPAC names (3S,4R,5S,6S)-6-Methyltetrahydro-; 2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetraol
	Other names 6-Deoxy-L-galactose
Identifiers
CAS Number	2438-80-4
ChEBI	CHEBI:2181
ChEMBL	ChEMBL469449
ChemSpider	16190
Jmol 3D model	Interactive image
PubChem	17106
UNII	28RYY2IV3F
	InChI InChI=1S/C6H12O5/c1-2-3(7)4(8)5(9)6(10)11-2/h2-10H,1H3/t2-,3+,4+,5-,6?/m0/s1 Key: SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-DHVFOXMCSA-N ; InChI=1/C6H12O5/c1-2-3(7)4(8)5(9)6(10)11-2/h2-10H,1H3/t2-,3+,4+,5-,6?/m0/s1 Key: SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-DHVFOXMCBB ;
	SMILES O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC(O)[C@H]1O)C ;
Properties
Chemical formula	C6H12O5
Molar mass	164.16
Supplementary data page
Structure and; properties	Refractive index (n),; Dielectric constant (εr), etc.
Thermodynamic; data	Phase behaviour; solid–liquid–gas
Spectral data	UV, IR, NMR, MS
	verify (what is ?)
	Infobox references

　　[★]

グアノシン二リン酸フコース、GDPフコース

関: guanosine diphosphate fucose

[1] Daniel J. Becker; John B. Lowe (July 2003). "Fucose: biosynthesis and biological function in mammals". Glycobiology 13 (7): 41R–53R. doi:10.1093/glycob/cwg054. PMID 12651883.

[2] Daniel J. Moloney; Robert S. Haltiwanger (July 1999). "The O-linked fucose glycosylation pathway: identification and characterization of a uridine diphosphoglucose: fucose-[beta]1,3-glucosyltransferase activity from Chinese hamster ovary cells". Glycobiology 9 (7): 679–687. doi:10.1093/glycob/9.7.679. PMID 10362837.

[3] Dalziel, Martin; Crispin, Max; Scanlan, Christopher N.; Zitzmann, Nicole; Dwek, Raymond A. (2014-01-03). "Emerging Principles for the Therapeutic Exploitation of Glycosylation". Science 343 (6166): 1235681. doi:10.1126/science.1235681. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 24385630.

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fucose