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the branch of chemistry that studies elementary (often very fast) chemical reactions as they occur; the experimental methods are often based on the use of femtosecond laser pulses
one quadrillionth (10^-15) of a second; one thousandth of a picosecond

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female / feminine

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/13 04:23:09」(JST)

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femto- (symbol f) is a unit prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of 10⁻¹⁵ or 0.000000000000001. Adopted by the 11th General Conference on Weights and Measures,^[1] it was added in 1964 to the SI.^[2] It is derived from the Danish word femten, meaning "fifteen".

Examples of use:

Weight of the HIV-1 virus is about 1 x 10⁻¹⁸ kg, which equals 1 x 10⁻¹⁵ g or 1 fg. The HIV-1 virus weighs about 1 x 10⁻¹⁸ kg or 1 fg. Orders of magnitude (mass)
a proton has a diameter of about 1.6 to 1.7 femtometres.
More examples available.

The femtometre shares the unit symbol (fm) with the older non-SI unit fermi, to which it is equivalent. The fermi, named in honour of Enrico Fermi, is often encountered in nuclear physics.

SI prefixes

Prefix		1000^m	10ⁿ	Decimal	English word		Adoption^{[nb 1]}
Name	Symbol	1000^m	10ⁿ	Decimal	Short scale	Long scale	Adoption^{[nb 1]}
yotta	Y	1000⁸	10²⁴	1000000000000000000000000	septillion	quadrillion	1991
zetta	Z	1000⁷	10²¹	1000000000000000000000	sextillion	thousand trillion or trilliard	1991
exa	E	1000⁶	10¹⁸	1000000000000000000	quintillion	trillion	1975
peta	P	1000⁵	10¹⁵	1000000000000000	quadrillion	thousand billion or billiard	1975
tera	T	1000⁴	10¹²	1000000000000	trillion	billion	1960
giga	G	1000³	10⁹	1000000000	billion	thousand million or milliard	1960
mega	M	1000²	10⁶	1000000	million		1960 (1873)
kilo	k	1000¹	10³	1000	thousand		1960 (1795)
hecto	h	1000^2/3	10²	100	hundred		1960 (1795)
deca	da	1000^1/3	10¹	10	ten		1960 (1795)
		1000⁰	10⁰	1	one		–
deci	d	1000^−1/3	10⁻¹	0.1	tenth		1960 (1795)
centi	c	1000^−2/3	10⁻²	0.01	hundredth		1960 (1795)
milli	m	1000⁻¹	10⁻³	0.001	thousandth		1960 (1795)
micro	μ	1000⁻²	10⁻⁶	0.000001	millionth		1960 (1873)
nano	n	1000⁻³	10⁻⁹	0.000000001	billionth	thousand millionth	1960
pico	p	1000⁻⁴	10⁻¹²	0.000000000001	trillionth	billionth	1960
femto	f	1000⁻⁵	10⁻¹⁵	0.000000000000001	quadrillionth	thousand billionth	1964
atto	a	1000⁻⁶	10⁻¹⁸	0.000000000000000001	quintillionth	trillionth	1964
zepto	z	1000⁻⁷	10⁻²¹	0.000000000000000000001	sextillionth	thousand trillionth	1991
yocto	y	1000⁻⁸	10⁻²⁴	0.000000000000000000000001	septillionth	quadrillionth	1991

^ The metric system was introduced in 1795 with several metric prefixes, of which, however, only six were adopted as SI prefixes by the 11th CGPM conference in 1960, whereas myria (10⁴) as well as double and demi were not adopted. In 1873, micro and mega were recommended by the British Association for the Advancement of Science. The other dates relate to recognition by a resolution of the CGPM.

References

^ International Bureau of Weights and Measures (2006), The International System of Units (SI) (PDF) (8th ed.), ISBN 92-822-2213-6
^ BIPM - Resolution 8 of the 12th CGPM

External links

Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM)

English Journal

Tabletop imaging of structural evolutions in chemical reactions demonstrated for the acetylene cation.

Ibrahim H1, Wales B2, Beaulieu S1, Schmidt BE1, Thiré N1, Fowe EP3, Bisson E1, Hebeisen CT4, Wanie V1, Giguére M1, Kieffer JC1, Spanner M5, Bandrauk AD3, Sanderson J2, Schuurman MS5, Légaré F1.
Nature communications.Nat Commun.2014 Jul 18;5:4422. doi: 10.1038/ncomms5422.
The introduction of femto-chemistry has made it a primary goal to follow the nuclear and electronic evolution of a molecule in time and space as it undergoes a chemical reaction. Using Coulomb Explosion Imaging, we have shot the first high-resolution molecular movie of a to and fro isomerization pro
PMID 25034613

In vivo monitoring of intracellular chloroplast movements in intact leaves of c4 plants using two-photon microscopy.

Ryu J1, Nam H, Kim HK, Joo Y, Lee SJ, Kim KH.
Microscopy research and technique.Microsc Res Tech.2014 Jul 16. doi: 10.1002/jemt.22403. [Epub ahead of print]
Dynamic changes in the spatial distribution of chloroplasts are essential for optimizing photosynthetic capacity under changing light conditions. Light-induced movement of chloroplasts has been widely investigated, but most studies were conducted on isolated tissues or protoplasts. In this study, a
PMID 25044459

Estimating the risk of squamous cell cancer induction in skin following nonlinear optical imaging.

Thomas G1, Nadiarnykh O, van Voskuilen J, Hoy CL, Gerritsen HC, Sterenborg HJ.
Journal of biophotonics.J Biophotonics.2014 Jul;7(7):492-505. doi: 10.1002/jbio.201200207. Epub 2013 Feb 8.
High power femto-second (fs) laser pulses used for in-vivo nonlinear optical (NLO) imaging can form cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) in DNA, which may lead to carcinogenesis via subsequent mutations. Since UV radiation from routine sun exposure is the primary source of CPD lesions, we evaluated t
PMID 23401419