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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2019/08/28 22:17:17」(JST)

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Coated 200 m g tablets of ibuprofen, a common antipyretic

Antipyretics are substances that reduce fever. Antipyretics cause the hypothalamus to override a prostaglandin-induced increase in temperature. The body then works to lower the temperature, which results in a reduction in fever.

Most antipyretic medications have other purposes. The most common antipyretics in the United States are ibuprofen and aspirin, which are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) used primarily as analgesics (pain relievers), but which also have antipyretic properties; and acetaminophen (paracetamol), an analgesic with weak anti-inflammatory properties.^[1]

There is some debate over the appropriate use of such medications, as fever is part of the body's immune response to infection.^[2]^[3] A study published by the Royal Society claims fever suppression causes at least 1% or more influenza cases of death in the United States, which results in at least 700 extra deaths per year.^[4]

Non-pharmacological treatment

Bathing or sponging with lukewarm or cool water can effectively reduce body temperature in those with heat illness, but not usually in those with fever.^[5] The use of alcohol baths is not an appropriate cooling method, because there have been reported adverse events associated with systemic absorption of alcohol.^[6]

Medications

Many medications have antipyretic effects and thus are useful for fever but not in treating illness, including:

NSAIDs such as ibuprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen, and nimesulide
Aspirin, and related salicylates such as choline salicylate, magnesium salicylate, and sodium salicylate
Paracetamol (USAN and JAN: acetaminophen)
Metamizole, banned in over 30 countries for causing agranulocytosis
Nabumetone
Phenazone (antipyrine), available in combination with benzocaine as an ear drop in the US.

Children

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) notes that improper dosing is one of the biggest problems in giving acetaminophen (paracetamol) to children.^[7] The effectiveness of acetaminophen alone as an antipyretic in children is uncertain, with some evidence showing it is no better than physical methods.^[8] Therapies involving alternating doses of acetaminophen and ibuprofen have shown greater antipyretic effect than either drug alone.^[9] One meta-analysis indicated that ibuprofen is more effective than acetaminophen in children at similar doses when both are given alone.^[10]

Due to concerns about Reye syndrome, it is recommend that aspirin and combination products containing aspirin not be given to children or teenagers during episodes of fever-causing illnesses.^[11]^[12]

Plants

Traditional use of higher plants with antipyretic properties is a common worldwide feature of many ethnobotanical cultural systems. In ethnobotany, plants with naturally occurring antipyretic properties are commonly referred to as febrifuge.^[13]^[14]

Popular culture

Antipyretic was the word spelled by Joanne Lagatta to win the 1991 Scripps National Spelling Bee.

On the second disc for the Final Fantasy Tactics soundtrack, there is a track titled Antipyretic.

References

^ "Acetaminophen," National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Modified 2016-08-07, Accessed 2016-08-16.
^ "Mayo Clinic".
^ "Medline Plus".
^ Kupferschmidt, Kai (2014-01-21). "Fight the Flu, Hurt Society?". ScienceNow.
^ "UpToDate Inc".
^ Sullivan, J. E.; Committee On, H. C.; Sullivan, J. E.; Farrar, H. C. (2011). "Fever and Antipyretic Use in Children". Pediatrics. 127 (3): 580–587. doi:10.1542/peds.2010-3852. PMID 21357332.
^ Reducing Fever in Children: Safe Use of Acetaminophen
^ Meremikwu M, Oyo-Ita A (2002). Meremikwu MM (ed.). "Paracetamol for treating fever in children". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2): CD003676. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003676. PMID 12076499. Trial evidence that paracetamol has a superior antipyretic effect than placebo is inconclusive.
^ E. Michael Sarrell, MD; Eliahu Wielunsky, MD; Herman Avner Cohen, MD (2006). "Antipyretic treatment in young children with fever: acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or both alternating in a randomized, double-blind study". Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 160 (2): 197–202. doi:10.1001/archpedi.160.2.197. PMID 16461878. Retrieved 2010-09-25.
^ Kauffman, Ralph; Sawyer, L.A.; Scheinbaum, M.L. (1992). "Antipyretic Efficacy of Ibuprofen vs Acetaminophen". Am J Dis Child. 146 (5): 622–625. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1992.02160170102024.
^ CDC Study Shows Sharp Decline in Reye's Syndrome among U.S. Children Archived November 15, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
^ Reye's syndrome - Prevention
^ Schultes, R.E.; Raffauf, R.F. De Plantis Toxicariis e Mundo Novo Tropicale Commentationes. XXXIX. Febrifuges of northwest Amazonia. Harvard Papers in Botany Vol. 5, pp. 52-68. 1994.
^ Biren N. Shah and Avinash K. Seth Medicinal Plants as a Source of Anti-Pyretic Agents – A Review http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/aasr-vol2-iss3/AASR-2010-2-3-188-195.pdf

English Journal

Antibacterial activity of Discaria americana Gillies ex Hook (Rhamnaceae).

Dahmer J, do Carmo G, Mostardeiro MA, Neto AT, da Silva UF, Dalcol II, Morel AF.
Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2019 Jul;239()111635.
Discaria americana Gillies ex Hook (sin. Discaria febrifuga and Discaria longispina) (Rhamnaceae) is a plant native from Rio Grande do Sul (Southern Brazil), Uruguay and Argentine, and has been used in Brazilian traditional medicine as antipyretic agent, and for stomach disorders. In Rio Grande do S
PMID 30543915

Successful medical drainage and surgical treatment for vertebral osteomyelitis and bilateral psoas abscess with gas formation caused by klebsiella pneumoniae in a diabetic patient.

Yu WY, Zhu KJ, Li QP, Lou C, He DW.
Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992). 2019 Jun;65(5)678-681.
We describe the case of a diabetic patient who developed vertebral osteomyelitis and bilateral psoas abscess with gas formation due to klebsiella pneumoniae. A 64-year-old woman with a 4-year history of type-2 diabetes mellitus was admitted to the Emergency Department. The subject had a 2-day histor
PMID 31166445

Medicinally Important Herbal Flowers in Sri Lanka.

Gunawardana SLA, Jayasuriya WJABN.
Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM. 2019 ;2019()2321961.
The plant kingdom is rich with a numerous number of plants with various medical properties which can be used to treat various medical issues. Sri Lanka is a country full of biodiversity which is gifted with many plant resources. It has a rich history of traditional medicine systems consisting of Ayu
PMID 31263504

Japanese Journal

マメ科ジャケツイバラ由来の新規抗菌成分の構造とcaesaljapinおよびcaesalpinista A, Bの構造改訂

紙川小百合,大下紫央里,太田恵美,根平達夫,大村尚,太田伸二
天然有機化合物討論会講演要旨集 57(0), PosterP15, 2015
<p>マメ科ジャケツイバラCaesalpinia decapetala var. japonicaは暖温帯に分布する、茎と葉軸裏面に鋭く固い逆刺を持つつる性の落葉低木植物であり、日本では宮城県以南の本州、四国、九州、南西諸島に生育している。根や種子は駆虫薬や解熱剤などの民間薬として用いられており、特に乾燥種子は下痢止めの生薬「雲実」として知られている<sup>1)</ …
NAID 130007491446

Adiantum属植物の生薬学的研究(第5報)胞子の形態及び小葉におけるケイ素及びカルシウムの分布様式に基づく分類

小松かつ子,飯田浩一,蔡少青 [他],御影雅幸,吉沢健史,難波恒雄
藥學雜誌 = Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 116(2), 125-137, 1996-02-25
… Crude drugs derived from Adiantum species are used as febrifuge, antidote, diuretic, tonic, etc. …
NAID 110003649018

EBウイルスによるVirus Associated Hemophagocytic Syndromeの1例

井上健,古川佳央,山根孝久,日吉基文,佐々木安津子,岸田卓也,任太性,巽典之,三宮祐一
臨床血液 30(10), 1826-1829, 1989
… In this case only a febrifuge was administrated and the condition of the patient was improved. …
NAID 130004918844

Related Pictures

Sureau, Sambucus nigra, CAPRIFOLIACEES To connect with Febrifuge, sign up for of Febrifuge definitions of Febrifuge Drink febrifuge. Febrifuge is a drug that DODONAEA viscosa Purpurea : Conteneur de 4 viscosa 'Purpurea' - Dodanee febrifuge