- 関
- fastigium
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/07/27 20:15:01」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Fastigial nucleus |
|
Cross-section of the cerebellum. Fastigial nucleus labeled at top-right.
|
| Details |
| Identifiers |
| Latin |
Nucleus fastigii |
| NeuroLex ID |
Fastigial nucleus |
| TA |
A14.1.07.411 |
| FMA |
72537 |
| Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
[edit on Wikidata]
|
The fastigial nucleus is located in the cerebellum. It is one of the four deep cerebellar nuclei (the others being the nucleus dentatus, nucleus emboliformis and nucleus globosus), and is grey matter embedded in the white matter of the cerebellum.
It refers specifically to the concentration of gray matter nearest to the middle line at the anterior end of the superior vermis, and immediately over the roof of the fourth ventricle, from which it is separated by a thin layer of white matter.[1] It is smaller than the nucleus dentatus, but somewhat larger than the nucleus emboliformis and nucleus globosus. The fastigial nucleus is the smallest in size, with the dentate being the largest and the interposed being intermediate in size.
Although it is one dense mass, it is made up of two sections: the rostral fastigial nucleus and the caudal fastigial nucleus.
Contents
- 1 Structure
- 1.1 Rostral fastigial nucleus
- 1.2 Caudal fastigial nucleus
- 2 References
- 3 External links
Structure
The Purkinje cells of the cerebellar cortex project into the deep cerebellar nuclei and inhibit the excitatory output system via GABAergic synapses. The fastigial nucleus receives its input from Purkinje cells in the vermis. Most of its efferent connections travel via the inferior cerebellar peduncle to the vestibular nuclei, which are located at the junction of the pons and the medulla oblongata.
The fastigial nucleus sends excitatory projections beyond the cerebellum. The likely neurotransmitters of fastigial nucleus axons are glutamate and aspartate.
Rostral fastigial nucleus
The rostral fastigial nucleus (rFN) is related to the vestibular system. It receives input from the vestibular nuclei and contributes to vestibular neuronal activity. The rFN interprets body motion and places it on spatial planes to estimate the movement of the body through space.[2] It deals with antigravity muscle groups and other synergies involved with standing and walking.[3]
Caudal fastigial nucleus
The caudal fastigial nucleus (cFN) is related to saccadic eye movements. The Purkinje cell output from the oculomotor vermis relays through the cFN, where neurons directly related to saccadic eye movements are located.[4]
References
This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)
- Online Medical Dictionary entry
- ^ John K. Harting (1997). "The Global Cerebellum '97". University of Wisconsin Medical School. Retrieved 2007-06-28.
- ^ Brooks & Cullen, <http://www.jneurosci.org/content/29/34/10499.full.pdf> [Multimodal integration in rostral fastigial nucleus provides an estimate of body movement], 2009
- ^ James D. Geyer; Janice M. Keating; Daniel C. Potts (1998). Neurology for the Boards. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven. p. 9.
- ^ Kleine, Guan, & Buttner, <http://jn.physiology.org/content/90/5/3137.full.pdf+html> [Saccade-related neurons in the primate fastigial nucleus: what do they encode?], 2003
External links
- Illustration and text: cere/text/P5/fastig.htm at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Medical school
- http://www.mona.uwi.edu/fpas/courses/physiology/neurophysiology/Cerebellum.htm
- http://www.lib.mcg.edu/edu/eshuphysio/program/section8/8ch6/s8ch6_29.htm
- NIF Search - Fastigial Nucleus via the Neuroscience Information Framework
|
Anatomy of the cerebellum
|
|
| Surface |
| Lobes |
- Anterior lobe
- Posterior lobe
- Flocculonodular lobe
- Primary fissure
|
|
| Medial/lateral |
- Vermis: anterior
- Central lobule
- Culmen
- Lingula
- posterior
- Vallecula of cerebellum
- Hemisphere: anterior
- posterior
- Biventer lobule
- Cerebellar tonsil
|
|
|
| Grey matter |
| Deep cerebellar nuclei |
- Dentate
- interposed
- Fastigial
|
|
| Cerebellar cortex |
- Molecular layer
- Stellate cell
- Basket cell
- Purkinje cell layer
- Purkinje cell
- Bergmann glia cell = Golgi epithelial cell
- Granule cell layer
- Golgi cell
- Granule cell
- Unipolar brush cell
- Fibers: Mossy fibers
- Climbing fiber
- Parallel fiber
|
|
|
| White matter |
| Internal |
|
|
| Peduncles |
- Inferior (medulla): Dorsal spinocerebellar tract
- Olivocerebellar tract
- Cuneocerebellar tract
- Juxtarestiform body (Vestibulocerebellar tract)
- Trigeminocerebellar fibers
- Middle (pons): Pontocerebellar fibers
- Superior (midbrain): Ventral spinocerebellar tract
- Dentatothalamic tract
|
|
|
Brain and spinal cord: neural tracts and fasciculi
|
|
Sensory/
ascending |
| PCML |
| 1°: |
- Pacinian corpuscle/Meissner's corpuscle → Posterior column (Gracile fasciculus/Cuneate fasciculus) → Gracile nucleus/Cuneate nucleus
|
|
| 2°: |
- → sensory decussation/arcuate fibers (Posterior external arcuate fibers, Internal arcuate fibers) → Medial lemniscus/Trigeminal lemniscus → Thalamus (VPL, VPM)
|
|
| 3°: |
- → Posterior limb of internal capsule → Postcentral gyrus
|
|
|
Anterolateral/
pain |
| Fast/lateral |
- 1° (Free nerve ending → A delta fiber) → 2° (Anterior white commissure → Lateral and Anterior Spinothalamic tract → Spinal lemniscus → VPL of Thalamus) → 3° (Postcentral gyrus) → 4° (Posterior parietal cortex)
2° (Spinomesencephalic tract → Superior colliculus of Midbrain tectum)
|
|
| Slow/medial |
- 1° (Group C nerve fiber → Spinoreticular tract → Reticular formation) → 2° (MD of Thalamus) → 3° (Cingulate cortex)
|
|
|
|
Motor/
descending |
| Pyramidal |
- flexion: Primary motor cortex → Posterior limb of internal capsule → Decussation of pyramids → Corticospinal tract (Lateral, Anterior) → Neuromuscular junction
|
|
| Extrapyramidal |
| flexion: |
- Primary motor cortex → Genu of internal capsule → Corticobulbar tract → Facial motor nucleus → Facial muscles
|
|
| flexion: |
- Red nucleus → Rubrospinal tract
|
|
| extension: |
- Vestibulocerebellum → Vestibular nuclei → Vestibulospinal tract
|
|
| extension: |
- Vestibulocerebellum → Reticular formation → Reticulospinal tract
|
|
- Midbrain tectum → Tectospinal tract → muscles of neck
|
|
|
| Basal ganglia |
| direct: |
1° (Motor cortex → Striatum) → 2° (GPi) → 3° (Lenticular fasciculus/Ansa lenticularis → Thalamic fasciculus → VL of Thalamus) → 4° (Thalamocortical radiations → Supplementary motor area) → 5° (Motor cortex)
|
|
| indirect: |
1° (Motor cortex → Striatum) → 2° (GPe) → 3° (Subthalamic fasciculus → Subthalamic nucleus) → 4° (Subthalamic fasciculus → GPi) → 5° (Lenticular fasciculus/Ansa lenticularis → Thalamic fasciculus → VL of Thalamus) → 6° (Thalamocortical radiations → Supplementary motor area) → 7° (Motor cortex)
|
|
| nigrostriatal pathway: |
|
|
|
|
| Cerebellar |
| Afferent |
- Vestibular nuclei → Vestibulocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellum → Granule cell
- Pontine nuclei → Pontocerebellar fibers → MCP → Deep cerebellar nuclei → Granule cell
- Inferior olivary nucleus → Olivocerebellar tract → ICP → Hemisphere → Purkinje cell → Deep cerebellar nuclei
|
|
| Efferent |
- Dentate nucleus in Lateral hemisphere/pontocerebellum → SCP → Dentatothalamic tract → Thalamus (VL) → Motor cortex
- Interposed nucleus in Intermediate hemisphere/spinocerebellum → SCP → Reticular formation, or → Cerebellothalamic tract → Red nucleus → Thalamus (VL) → Motor cortex
- Fastigial nucleus in Flocculonodular lobe/vestibulocerebellum → Vestibulocerebellar tract → Vestibular nuclei
|
|
Bidirectional:
Spinocerebellar |
Unconscious
proprioception |
- lower limb → 1° (muscle spindles → DRG) → 2° (Posterior thoracic nucleus → Dorsal/posterior spinocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellar vermis)
- upper limb → 1° (muscle spindles → DRG) → 2° (Accessory cuneate nucleus → Cuneocerebellar tract → ICP → Anterior lobe of cerebellum)
|
|
| Reflex arc |
- lower limb → 1° (Golgi tendon organ) → 2° (Ventral/anterior spinocerebellar tract→ SCP → Cerebellar vermis)
- upper limb → 1° (Golgi tendon organ) → 2° (Rostral spinocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellum)
|
|
|
English Journal
- Microinjection of acetylcholine into cerebellar fastigial nucleus induces blood depressor response in anesthetized rats.
- Zhang C1, Luob W2, Zhouc P3, Sund T4.
- Neuroscience letters.Neurosci Lett.2016 Jun 29. pii: S0304-3940(16)30471-2. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.06.063. [Epub ahead of print]
- It is well known that the cerebellar fastigial nucleus (FN) is involved in cardiovascular modulation, and has direct evidence of cholinergic activity; however, whether and how acetylcholine (ACh) in the FN modulates blood pressure has not been investigated. In this study, we analyzed mean arterial p
- PMID 27373533
- Individual neurons in the caudal fastigial oculomotor region convey information on both macro- and microsaccades.
- Sun Z1,2,3, Junker M1,2,3, Dicke PW1, Thier P1.
- The European journal of neuroscience.Eur J Neurosci.2016 Jun 3. doi: 10.1111/ejn.13289. [Epub ahead of print]
- Recent studies have suggested that microsaccades, the small amplitude saccades made during fixation, are precisely controlled. Two lines of evidence suggest that the cerebellum plays a key role not only in improving the accuracy of macrosaccades but also of microsaccades. First, lesions of the fasti
- PMID 27255776
- Modeling Inter-trial Variability of Saccade Trajectories: Effects of Lesions of the Oculomotor Part of the Fastigial Nucleus.
- Eggert T1, Robinson FR2, Straube A1.
- PLoS computational biology.PLoS Comput Biol.2016 Jun 28;12(6):e1004866. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004866. eCollection 2016.
- This study investigates the inter-trial variability of saccade trajectories observed in five rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). For each time point during a saccade, the inter-trial variance of eye position and its covariance with eye end position were evaluated. Data were modeled by a superposition
- PMID 27351741
Japanese Journal
- Use of Oculomotor Testing for Identifying the Site of Cerebellar or Brainstem Damage in Two Vertigo Cases
- Shimizu Shigetaka,Ogawa Yasuo,Otsuka Koji,Inagaki Taro,Suzuki Mamoru
- 耳鼻咽喉科臨床 補冊 141(0), 10-11, 2015
- … (3) Because hypermetria was observed during the saccade, we suspected damage to the cerebellar fastigial nucleus. …
- NAID 130005077972
- Ocular flutterとOpsoclonus
- 工藤 洋祐,城倉 健
- 神経眼科 32(1), 19-22, 2015
- Ocular flutter（OF）は両眼が間欠的に急速に水平に振動するようにみえる異常眼球運動で，実際にはintersaccadic intervalを持たない小振幅の水平性saccadeの連続である．同様のsaccadeが，水平方向のみならず，全方向に出現するとopsoclonusと呼ばれる．動揺視や視界のぼやけを自覚することが多く，責任病巣は脳幹ないし小脳と考えられているが，発生機序はまだ正 …
- NAID 130005073797
- 清水 重敬,小川 恭生,大塚 康司,稲垣 太郎,鈴木 衞
- 耳鼻咽喉科臨床 107(11), 867-873, 2014
- … (3) Because hypermetria was observed during the saccade, we suspected damage to the cerebellar fastigial nucleus. …
- NAID 130004707176
Related Links
- Looking for online definition of Fastigial in the Medical Dictionary? Fastigial explanation free. What is Fastigial? Meaning of Fastigial medical term. What does Fastigial mean? Fastigial | definition of Fastigial by Medical dictionary ...
- Medical Definition of FASTIGIAL: of or associated with the fastigium of the fourth ventricle of the brain Browse 2 ENTRIES FOUND: fastigial (adjective) fastigial nucleus (noun) Seen & Heard What made you want to look up fastigial?
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
室頂、極期
- 関
- acme、climax、fastigial
[★]
室頂核
- 関
- fastigial nucleus