WordNet

any of the short curved hairs that grow from the edges of the eyelids (同)lash, cilium
lash or flick about sharply; "The lion lashed its tail"
leather strip that forms the flexible part of a whip (同)thong
bind with a rope, chain, or cord; "lash the horse"

PrepTutorEJDIC

《通例複数形で》まつ毛 / まつ毛の1本
〈C〉(皮製の)『むちひも』,むち / 〈C〉『むちの一打ち』;《the ~》(昔の刑罰で)むち打ちの刑罰 / 〈C〉(むちのような)素早い動き;(むち打つような)激しい非難,痛烈な皮肉 / 〈C〉まつげ(eyelash) / 〈人・動物〉‘を'『むちで打つ』 / 〈風・雨・波などが〉…‘を'激しく打つ / 〈むち・尾など〉‘を'『激しく振る』 / (言葉で)…‘を'厳しく非難する《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / 〈人など〉‘を'刺激して(かり立てて)(…)させる《+『名』+『to』(『into』)+『名』》 / (…を)『激しく打つ』《+『at』+『名』》 / (…に)〈雨・風・波などが〉『激しく打ちつける』《+『against』+『名』》 / 〈尾などが〉激しく動く《+『about』》
(綱・ひもなどで)…‘を'しっかり結ぶ;(…に)…‘を'縛り付ける《+『名』+『to』+『名』》

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/06/30 11:17:24」(JST)

wiki en

An eyelash or simply lash is one of the hairs that grows at the edge of the eyelid. Eyelashes protect the eye from debris and perform some of the same function as whiskers do on a cat or a mouse in the sense that they are sensitive to being touched, thus providing a warning that an object (such as an insect) is near the eye (which then closes reflexively).

The Ancient Greek word for eyelash is βλέφαρον (transliterated as blepharon), which is seen as a root in biological terms like Blephara and Katoblephara.

Structure

Development

The eyelashes of the embryo develop from the ectoderm^[1] between the 22nd and 26th week of pregnancy.^[2] Eyelashes take about seven to eight weeks to grow back if pulled out but constant pulling may lead to permanent damage. Their color may differ from that of the hair, although they tend to be dark on someone with dark hair and lighter on someone with light hair. Eyelash hair is not androgenic ^[3] and is therefore not affected by puberty.

Glands

The follicles of eyelashes are associated with a number of glands known as the glands of Zeis and the glands of Moll.

Clinical significance

A stye

There are a number of diseases or disorders involving the eyelashes:

Madarosis is the loss of eyelashes
Blepharitis is the irritation of the lid margin, where eyelashes join the eyelid. The eyelids are red and itching, the skin often becomes flaky, and the eyelashes may fall out
Distichiasis is the abnormal growth of lashes from certain areas of the eyelid
Trichiasis refers to ingrown eyelashes
Eyelashes may become infested with parasitic crab louse.
An external hordeolum, or stye, is a purulent inflammation of infected eyelash follicles and surrounding sebaceous (Gland of Zeis) and apocrine (Moll's gland) glands of the lid margin.
Trichotillomania is a disorder that urges the sufferer to pull out scalp hair, eyelashes, etc.
Demodex folliculorum (or the demodicid) is a small mite that lives harmlessly in eyelash and other hair follicles, and about 98% of people have these mites living on them. Occasionally they may cause blepharitis.

Eyelash and eyebrow transplant surgeries may be help to reconstruct or thicken lashes or eyebrow hair.

Society and culture

Cosmetics

Green mascara

Long eyelashes are considered a sign of beauty in many cultures. Accordingly, some women seek to enhance their eyelash length artificially, using eyelash extensions. On the other hand, Hadza women are known to trim their own eyelashes.^[4]

Kohl, a black putty (usually antimony sulfide or lead sulfide), has been worn as far back as the Bronze Age to protect and enhance lashes. In Ancient Egypt, it was used as well by the wealthy and the royal to protect their eyes from the sand, dust, and bugs. Modern eye makeup includes mascara, eyeliner, eye putty, and eye shadow to emphasize the eyes. The twentieth century saw the beginning of convincing false eyelashes, popular in the 1960s. There are also different tools that can be used on the lashes such as eyelash curler or mascara shield (also named mascara guard or eye makeup helper).

Permanent eyelash tints and eyelash extensions have also become popular procedures, even in fairly basic salons. It is also possible to get eyelash transplants, which are similar in nature to hair transplantation often done on the head. Since the hair is transplanted from the hair on the head, the new eyelashes will continue to grow like head hair and will need to be trimmed regularly.^[5]

Latisse was introduced in the first quarter of 2009 by Allergan as the first drug to receive FDA approval for eyelash growth. Latisse is a solution of bimatoprost, the active component of the glaucoma medication Lumigan. According to Allergan, noticeable eyelash growth occurs within 16 weeks. Growth is reported to occur primarily on the upper eyelashes. In addition, the past decade has seen the rapid increase in the development of eyelash conditioners. These conditioners are designed to increase the health and length of your lashes. Many utilize seed extract, minerals, and other chemicals to achieve these results.^{[citation needed]}

In other animals

A horse's eye, showing lashes

Lashes, being hair, are found in mammals. Camels' lashes are remarkably long and thick. Horses and cows feature eyelashes as well. Inherited eyelash problems are common in some breeds of dogs as well as horses.

Eyelashes are an uncommon but not unknown feature in birds. Hornbills have prominent eyelashes (vestigial feathers with no barbs), as do ostriches. Amongst the reptiles, only Eyelash vipers show a set of modified scales over the eyes which look much like eyelashes.

References

^ Standring, Susan Neil R. Borley (2008). Gray's Anatomy: the Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice (40th ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. p. 703. ISBN 978-0443066849.
^ "Fetal development: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". Nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2013-03-16.
^ "The hair follicle: a paradoxical androgen target organ".
^ "Hadza". Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender: Men and Women in the World's Cultures, Vol. 1. New York: Springer. 2003. ISBN 978-0-306-47770-6.
^ "Plug and sew eyelashes for women". Xinhua News. 25 October 2006. Retrieved 2013-03-16.

External links

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Ocular side effects and trichomegaly of eyelashes induced by erlotinib: A case report and review of the literature.

Celik T1, Kosker M2.
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PMID 25249292

Intraocular eyelash.

Bach A1, Gold AS1, Villegas VM1, Wildner AC1, Murray TG2.
The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association.J Am Osteopath Assoc.2015 Feb;115(2):115. doi: 10.7556/jaoa.2015.023.
PMID 25637618

Promising alternative clinical uses of prostaglandin F2α analogs: Beyond the eyelashes.

Choi YM1, Diehl J2, Levins PC3.
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.J Am Acad Dermatol.2015 Jan 16. pii: S0190-9622(14)02057-X. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.10.012. [Epub ahead of print]
Prostaglandin F2α analogs, commonly prescribed for glaucoma treatment, have been shown to induce side effects such as cutaneous hypertrichosis and hyperpigmentation. Therefore, these medications have theoretic applications in the treatment of alopecia and disorders of hypopigmentation. We reviewed
PMID 25601618

Japanese Journal

A case of eyelash growth abnormality after switching from latanoprost ophthalmic solution to bimatoprost ophthalmic solution

渡部一宏,奥野裕貴,疋田節子
紀要. 人文・社会・自然 = Bulletin of Showa Pharmaceutical University (48), 41-45, 2014-02-25
NAID 120005415822

症例報告 A case of eyelash growth abnormality after switching from latanoprost ophthalmic solution to bimatoprost ophthalmic solution

WATANABE Kazuhiro,OKUNO Yuki,HIKITA Setsuko
昭和薬科大学紀要. 人文・社会・自然 (48), 41-45, 2014
NAID 40020044461

マスカラデザインシステムを用いたまつげ化粧仕上がり印象の理解 : 言葉を用いないお客さま嗜好の定量化 (特集生活をとりまく感性工学)

豊田成人,笹本裕美,大髙瞳 [他]
感性工学 12(2), 349-353, 2013-12
NAID 40019925037

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「睫毛」「lash」

「睫毛」

Eyelash
	Human eyelashes
Details
Identifiers
Latin	Cilium
Greek	Bλέφαρον (blépharon)
MeSH	D005140
TA	A15.2.07.037
FMA	53669
	Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata]

　　[★]

日: しょうもう
英: eyelash (KL), eyelashes (KH)
同: まつげ

いわゆるまつげ

「lash」

　　[★]

n.

睫毛

関: eyelash

[1] Standring, Susan Neil R. Borley (2008). Gray's Anatomy: the Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice (40th ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. p. 703. ISBN 978-0443066849.

[2] "Fetal development: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". Nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2013-03-16.

[3] "The hair follicle: a paradoxical androgen target organ".

[4] "Hadza". Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender: Men and Women in the World's Cultures, Vol. 1. New York: Springer. 2003. ISBN 978-0-306-47770-6.

[5] "Plug and sew eyelashes for women". Xinhua News. 25 October 2006. Retrieved 2013-03-16.

匿名

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案内

案内

eyelash