eye cancer

眼癌

関

eye neoplasm

WordNet

1. look at (同)eyeball
2. a small hole or loop (as in a needle); "the thread wouldnt go through the eye"
3. the organ of sight (同)oculus, optic
4. attention to what is seen; "he tried to catch her eye"
5. good discernment (either visually or as if visually); "she has an eye for fresh talent"; "he has an artists eye"
6. type genus of the family Cancridae (同)genus Cancer
7. the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 (同)Cancer the Crab, Crab
8. (astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer (同)Crab
9. a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
10. any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream (同)malignant neoplastic disease
11. having an eye or eyes or eyelike feature especially as specified; often used in combination; "a peacocks eyed feathers"; "red-eyed"
12. the base of the natural system of logarithms; approximately equal to 2.718282...

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈C〉(人・動物の器官としての)『目』 / 〈C〉(まぶた・まつ毛・まゆ毛などを含めて,外側からみえる)『目』,目の周り / 〈C〉(目の)虹彩 / 〈C〉『視力』,視覚 / 〈C〉《単数形で》『視線』,まなざし / 〈C〉《しばしば複数形で》警戒(観察,監視)の目 / 〈C〉《通例単数形で》(…に対する)鑑識眼,物を見る目,(…を)見分ける力《+『for』+『名』》 / 〈C〉《しばしば複数形で》物の見方;観点 / 〈C〉目に似たようなもの(じゃがいもの芽・クジャクの羽の眼状の点など) / 〈C〉針の目,めど / 〈C〉(かぎ・ホックの)受け / 〈C〉台風の目 / (好奇・疑いなどの目で)…‘を'じろじろ見る,注意して見る
2. 〈U〉〈C〉『がん』 / 〈U〉〈C〉害悪 / 《Cancer》(星座の)カニ座

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/27 19:44:44」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Eye neoplasm
Classification and external resources
Specialty	Oncology
ICD-10	C69
ICD-9-CM	190
MeSH	D005134

Eye cancer can affect all parts of the eye.

Origin and location

Eye cancers can be primary (starts within the eye) and metastatic cancer (spread to the eye from another organ). The two most common cancers that spread to the eye from another organ are breast cancer and lung cancer. Other less common sites of origin include the prostate, kidney, thyroid, skin, colon and blood or bone marrow.

Types

Tumors in the eye and orbit can be benign like dermoid cysts, or malignant like rhabdomyosarcoma and retinoblastoma.

Malignant

The most common eyelid tumor is called basal cell carcinoma. This tumor can grow around the eye but rarely spreads to other parts of the body. Other types of common eyelid cancers include squamous carcinoma, sebaceous carcinoma and malignant melanoma. The most common orbital malignancy is orbital lymphoma. This tumor can be diagnosed by biopsy with histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis. Most patients with orbital lymphoma can be offered chemotherapy or radiation therapy.

Adults

• The most common malignant primary intraocular tumor in adults is uveal melanoma. These tumors can occur in the choroid, iris and ciliary body. The latter are sometimes called iris or ciliary body melanoma.
• The next most common is primary intraocular lymphoma (PIOL) which is usually non-Hodgkin’s, large cell lymphoma of the B-cell type, although T cell lymphomas have also been described.

Children

• The most common malignant intraocular tumor in children is retinoblastoma, affecting approximately 325 children per year in North America. Early detection has allowed for cures exceeding 95%.
• The second most common is medulloepithelioma (also called diktyoma) which can occur in the ciliary body and the uvea of the eye.

Benign

Orbital dermoid cysts are benign choristomas which are typically found at the junction of sutures, most commonly at the fronto-zygomatic suture. Large deep orbital dermoid cysts can cause pressure effects on the muscles and optic nerve, leading to diplopia and loss of vision.

Signs and symptoms

• Melanomas (choroidal, ciliary body and uveal) - In the early stages there may be no symptoms (the person does not know there is a tumor until an ophthalmologist or optometrist looks into the eye with an ophthalmoscope during a routine test). As the tumor grows, symptoms can be blurred vision, decreased vision, double vision, eventual vision loss and if they continue to grow the tumor can break past the retina causing retinal detachment. Sometimes the tumor can be visible through the pupil.

• A nevus is a benign, freckle in the eye. These should be checked out and regular checks on the eye done to ensure it hasn't turned into a melanoma.

• Iris and conjuctival tumors (melanomas) - Present as a dark spot. Any spot which continues to grow on the iris and the conjunctiva should be checked out.

• Retinoblastoma - Strabismus (crossed eyes), a whitish or yellowish glow through the pupil, decreasing/loss of vision, sometimes the eye may be red and painful. Retinoblastoma can occur in one or both eyes. This tumor occurs in babies and young children. It is called RB for short. Check photographs, normal healthy eyes would have the red eye reflex, but a white/yellow dot instead of the red eye reflex can indicate a tumor or some other kind of eye disease. Any photos of a child/children which have a white/yellow dot instead of the red eye reflex should be evaluated by an eye doctor.

Treatment

• Laser therapy
• Plaque therapy
• Radiotherapy - The ophthalmologist decides in conjunction with the radiation oncologist which type of radiation therapy is most suitable, based on size and location of the tumour. Today, modern radiation treatment modalities, as proton therapy, are likely to be chosen, for providing superior accuracy in dose delivery, helping to spare healthy tissue and the sensible optic nerves.
• Enucleation of the Eye - Removal of the eye, but the muscles and eyelids are left intact. An implant is inserted, then the person wears a conformer shield and later the person will have their prosthesis made and fitted (the prosthesis is made by someone called an ocularist and is made to look like their real eye)
• Evisceration - Removal of the eye contents, leaving the sclera or the white part of the eye.
• Exenteration - Removal of the eye, all orbital contents, which can involve the eyelids as well. A special prosthesis is made to cover the defect and improve appearance.

• Iridectomy - Removal of the affected piece of the iris
• Choroidectomy - Removal of the choroid layer (the vascular tissue sandwiched between the sclera and the retina)
• Iridocyclectomy - Removal of the iris plus the ciliary body muscle.
• Eyewall resection - Cutting into the eye to remove a tumor e.g. melanoma. This operation can be quite difficult to perform.
• Chemotherapy

Classification

Choroidal tumors

• Choroidal hemangioma

• Choroidal melanoma

• Choroidal metastasis

• Choroidal nevus

• Choroidal osteoma

• Ciliary body melanoma

• The nevus of Ota

Conjunctival tumors

Advanced conjunctival carcinoma protruding through the palpebral fissure.

• Conjunctival Kaposi's sarcoma

• Epibulbar dermoid

• Malignant conjunctival tumors

• Lymphoma of the conjunctiva

• Melanoma and PAM with atypia

• Pigmented conjunctival tumors

• Pingueculum

• Pterygium

• Squamous carcinoma and intraepithelial neoplasia of the conjunctiva

Ocular oncology

Ocular oncology is the branch of medicine dealing with tumors relating to the eye and its adnexa.

Ocular oncology takes into consideration that the primary requirement for patients is preservation of life by removal of the tumor, along with best efforts directed at preservation of useful vision, followed by cosmetic appearance. The treatment of ocular tumors is generally a multi-specialty effort, requiring coordination between the ophthalmologist, medical oncologist, radiation specialist, head & neck surgeon/ENT surgeon, pediatrician/internal medicine/hospitalist and a multidisciplinary team of support staff and nurses.

See also

• List of eye diseases and disorders

References

External links

• The Tumori Foundation
• The See A Cure Foundation. A grassroots, patient-based, eye cancer nonprofit
• Shields and Shields Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA USA
• The Ocular Oncology Service
• The Eye Cancer Network
• Cancer.Net: Eye Cancer
• Eye Cancer - Medline Plus
• Ocular Oncology - Bascom Palmer Eye Institute
• William Charles Caccamise Sr. "A photographic cache of eyelid and conjunctival malignant lesions". EyeRounds.org. 
• EyeMelanoma.org

Specific types

• Cancer.Net: Eyelid Cancer
• DeAngelis, D; Hurwitz, J. "Lacrimal Gland Tumors." eMedicine.com. June 8, 2005.
• Cancer.Net: Lacrimal Gland Tumor
• Cancer.Net: Retinoblastoma, Childhood

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 網膜芽細胞腫の概要 overview of retinoblastoma
• 2. 頭頸部癌に対する治療の概要 overview of treatment for head and neck cancer
• 3. 固形臓器移植後の悪性腫瘍の発現 development of malignancy following solid organ transplantation
• 4. 原発不明癌の分類およびマネージメントの概要 overview of the classification and management of cancers of unknown primary site
• 5. 癌生存者用ケアの質の保証：癌と共生するためのケアプラン assuring quality of care for cancer survivors the survivorship care plan

English Journal

• Orbital Disease in Neuro-Ophthalmology.

• Chang JR1, Gruener AM1, McCulley TJ2.
• Neurologic clinics.Neurol Clin.2017 Feb;35(1):125-144. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2016.08.011.
• Many abnormalities of the orbit present with neuro-ophthalmic findings, such as impaired ocular motility or alignment, and sensory changes, including optic neuropathy. Comprehensive coverage of all orbital diseases is beyond the scope of this article. This review focuses on diagnosis and management
• PMID 27886890

• Update on Ocular Myasthenia Gravis.

• Smith SV1, Lee AG2.
• Neurologic clinics.Neurol Clin.2017 Feb;35(1):115-123. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2016.08.008.
• Ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG) is a localized form of myasthenia gravis in which autoantibodies directed against acetylcholine receptors block or destroy these receptors at the postsynaptic neuromuscular junction. The hallmark of OMG is a history of painless weakness or fatigability of the extraocul
• PMID 27886889

• A simple, fast, label-free colorimetric method for detection of telomerase activity in urine by using hemin-graphene conjugates.

• Xu X1, Wei M2, Liu Y1, Liu X1, Wei W3, Zhang Y1, Liu S1.
• Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2017 Jan 15;87:600-606. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.09.005. Epub 2016 Sep 2.
• Telomerase, a widely accepted cancer biomarker for early cancer diagnostics, is considered as an important therapeutic target. To now, it is still a challenging subject to develop a simple and sensitive strategy for telomerase activity detection. Herein, we reported a simple colorimetric strategy fo
• PMID 27619525

Japanese Journal

• リエゾンと緩和(66)がん患者での睡眠障害の病態(2)

• 新野 秀人
• 精神科 24(2), 212-215, 2014-02
• NAID 40019990343

• 発作性・反復性の神経症状を認めた髄膜癌腫症

• 益田 陽子,赫 洋美,竹内 恵,岩田 誠,内山 真一郎
• 東京女子医科大学雑誌 84(E1), E184-E187, 2014-01-31
• 症例は69歳男性.61歳で胃癌(印環細胞癌)にて胃4/5切除.術後8年経過した頃より発作性の頭痛、両下肢脱力による歩行障害を1日に数回自覚.入院時は、意識清明、両側乳頭浮腫、左眼の視力低下あり.髄膜刺激徴候なし.上部消化管内視鏡で、胃癌(印環細胞癌)を認めた.髄液検査では圧上昇、蛋白高値、CEA高値、細胞数軽度上昇を認めた.2度目の髄液細胞診で印環細胞を認め、脊髄造影MRIでは頚髄・腰髄に髄膜の造 …
• NAID 110009752575

• A case of paraneoplastic optic neuropathy and outer retinitis positive for autoantibodies against collapsin response mediator protein-5, recoverin, and alpha-enolase

• Saito Michiyuki,Saito Wataru,Kanda Atsuhiro,Ohguro Hiroshi,Ishida Susumu
• BMC Ophthalmology 14, 5, 2014-01-16
• … Background: Specific cross-reacting autoimmunity against recoverin or collapsin response mediator protein (CRMP)-5 is known to cause cancer-associated retinopathy or paraneoplastic optic neuropathy, respectively. … Case presentation: A 67-year-old man developed bilateral neuroretinitis and foveal exudation in the right eye. … Optical coherence tomography showed a dome-shaped hyperreflective lesion extending from inner nuclear layer to the photoreceptor layer at the fovea in the right eye. …
• NAID 120005438263

---

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「eye neoplasm」「眼癌」
関連記事	「cancer」「eye」

「eye neoplasm」

　　[★]

眼腫瘍、眼新生物

関

eye cancer

「眼癌」

　　[★]

英

eye cancer

関

眼腫瘍

「cancer」

　　[★]

同

癌腫

関

tumor

　 　

「eye」

　　[★] 眼