eutherian

真獣類 　

WordNet

1. of or relating to or belonging to the subclass Eutheria; "eutherian mammals"

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/11/19 17:50:32」(JST)

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Further information: Evolution of mammals

Eutherians Temporal range: Late Jurassic–Holocene, 160–0 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Juramaia, the oldest known eutherian
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Clade:	Eutheria Gill, 1872 Huxley, 1880
Subgroups
†Acristatherium †Adapisoriculidae †Asioryctitheria †Bobolestes †Cimolesta †Didymoconidae †Deltatherium †Endotherium †Juramaia †Leptictida †Montanalestes †Murtoilestes †Prokennalestes? †Zalambdalestidae †Zhelestidae Placentalia (placental mammals)

Eutheria (/juːˈθɪəriə/; from Greek εὐ-, eu- "good" or "right" and θηρίον, thēríon "beast" hence "true beasts") is one of two mammalian clades with extant members that diverged in the Early Cretaceous or perhaps the Late Jurassic. Except for the Virginia opossum, from North America, which is a metatherian, all post-Miocene mammals indigenous to Europe, Africa, Asia, and North America north of Mexico are eutherians. Extant eutherians, their last common ancestor, and all extinct descendants of that ancestor are members of Placentalia.

Eutherians are distinguished from noneutherians by various phenotypic traits of the feet, ankles, jaws and teeth. All extant eutherians lack epipubic bones, which are present in all other living mammals (marsupials and monotremes). This allows for expansion of the abdomen during pregnancy.

The oldest known eutherian species is Juramaia sinensis, dated at 160 million years ago from the Jurassic in China.

Eutheria was named in 1872 by Theodore Gill; in 1880 Thomas Henry Huxley defined it to encompass a more broadly defined group than Placentalia.

Characteristics

The entocuneiform bone

Distinguishing features are:

• an enlarged malleolus ("little hammer") at the bottom of the tibia, the larger of the two shin bones.
• the joint between the first metatarsal bone and the entocuneiform bone (the outermost of the three cuneiform bones) in the foot is offset farther back than the joint between the second metatarsal and middle cuneiform bones – in metatherians these joints are level with each other.
• various features of jaws and teeth.

Evolutionary history

Eutheria contains several extinct genera as well as larger groups, many with complicated taxonomic histories still not fully understood. Members of the Adapisoriculidae, Cimolesta and Leptictida have been previously placed within the out-dated placental group Insectivora, while Zhelestids have been considered primitive ungulates. However, more recent studies have suggested these enigmatic taxa represent stem group eutherians, more basal to Placentalia.

The weakly favoured cladogram favours Boreoeuthearia as a basal Eutherian clade as sister to the Atlantogenata.

Eutheria	Atlantogenata   Xenarthra Afrotheria   Boreoeutheria       Laurasiatheria     Euarchontoglires

The fossil eutherian species believed to be the oldest known is Juramaia sinensis, which lived about 160 million years ago. Montanalestes was found in North America, while all other nonplacental eutherian fossils have been found in Asia. The earliest known placental fossils have also been found in Asia.

Cynodonts † Other Cynodonts † Tritylodontids Mammaliaforms † Other mammaliaforms † Hadrocodium Crown-group mammals † Other crown-group mammals Australosphenids † Other Australosphenids Monotremes Theria † Other Theria Metatheria † Other Metatheria Marsupials Eutheria † Other Eutheria Placentals Cynodonts Tritylodontids Mammaliformes Other mammaliformes Hadrocodium Mammals Australosphenids Other Australosphenids Monotremes Theria Metatheria Eutheria Simplified, non-systematic, outline of evolution of eutheria from cynodont therapsids. † = extinct

English Journal

• Dental fluorosis and skeletal fluoride content as biomarkers of excess fluoride exposure in marsupials.

• Death C1, Coulson G2, Kierdorf U3, Kierdorf H3, Morris WK4, Hufschmid J5.
• The Science of the total environment.Sci Total Environ.2015 Nov 15;533:528-41. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.054. Epub 2015 Jul 16.
• Particulate and gaseous fluoride emissions contaminate vegetation near fluoride-emitting industries, potentially impacting herbivorous wildlife in neighboring areas. Dental fluorosis has been associated with consumption of fluoride-contaminated foliage by juvenile livestock and wildlife in Europe an
• PMID 26188404

• Nuclear organization of some immunohistochemically identifiable neural systems in two species of the Euarchontoglires: A Lagomorph, Lepus capensis, and a Scandentia, Tupaia belangeri.

• Calvey T1, Alagaili AN2, Bertelsen MF3, Bhagwandin A1, Pettigrew JD4, Manger PR5.
• Journal of chemical neuroanatomy.J Chem Neuroanat.2015 Nov 10;70:1-19. doi: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2015.10.007. [Epub ahead of print]
• The present study describes the organization of the nuclei of the cholinergic, catecholaminergic, serotonergic and orexinergic systems in the brains of two members of Euarchontoglires, Lepus capensis and Tupaia belangeri. The aim of the present study was to investigate the nuclear complement of thes
• PMID 26551576

• Correction for Song et al., Resolving conflict in eutherian mammal phylogeny using phylogenomics and the multispecies coalescent model.

• [No authors listed]
• Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.2015 Nov 3;112(44):E6079. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1518753112. Epub 2015 Oct 26.
• PMID 26504207

Japanese Journal

• Overexpression of OCT4A ortholog elevates endogenous XIST in porcine parthenogenic blastocysts

• Journal of Reproduction and Development advpub(0), 2015
• NAID 130005091874

• Mutations in the Testis-Specific Enhancer of SOX9 in the SRY Independent Sex-Determining Mechanism in the Genus Tokudaia

• PLoS ONE 9(9), e108779, 2014-09-29
• NAID 120005527833

• Importance of synonymous substitutions under dense taxon sampling and appropriate modeling in reconstructing the mitogenomic tree of Eutheria

• Genes & Genetic Systems 89(5), 237-251, 2014
• NAID 130005060734

Related Links

• Eutherian | Define Eutherian at Dictionary.com

eutherian / yuˈθɪər i ən / Show Spelled [yoo-theer-ee-uh n] Show IPA adjective 1. belonging or pertaining to the group Eutheria, comprising the placental mammals. noun 2. a eutherian animal. Origin: 1875–80; Neo-Latin Eutheri (a) ...

• eutherian | Eutherins

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