グルコースクランプ試験

WordNet

impose or inflict forcefully; "The military government clamped a curfew onto the capital"
a device (generally used by carpenters) that holds things firmly together (同)clinch
fasten or fix with a clamp; "clamp the chair together until the glue has hardened"
gather clams, by digging in the sand by the ocean
burrowing marine mollusk living on sand or mud; the shell closes with viselike firmness
flesh of either hard-shell or soft-shell clams

PrepTutorEJDIC

かすがい,締めくぎ,万力 / {動}〈他〉 / …'を'かすがい(万力など)で締めつける
(土をかぶせて貯蔵してある)じゃがいも(根菜)の山
ハマグリ / ハマグリを取る

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2018/05/05 15:01:04」(JST)

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Glucose clamp technique is a method for quantifying insulin secretion and resistance. It is used to measure either how well an individual metabolizes glucose or how sensitive an individual is to insulin.^[1]

Two types of clamps are quite commonly used. The hyperglycemic clamp, which requires maintaining a high blood sugar level by perfusion or infusion with glucose, is a way to quantify how fast beta-cells respond to glucose. The hyperinsulinemic clamp, which requires maintaining a high insulin level by perfusion or infusion with insulin, is a way to quantify how sensitive the tissue is to insulin. The hyperinsulinemic clamp is also called euglycemic clamp, meaning a normal blood sugar level is maintained.

Hyperglycemic clamp technique: The plasma glucose concentration is acutely raised to 125 mg/dl above basal levels by a continuous infusion of glucose. This hyperglycemic plateau is maintained by adjustment of a variable glucose infusion, based on the rate of insulin secretion and glucose metabolism. Because the plasma glucose concentration is held constant, the glucose infusion rate is an index of insulin secretion and glucose metabolism. The hyperglycemic clamps are often used to assess insulin secretion capacity.

Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique: The plasma insulin concentration is acutely raised and maintained at 100 μU/ml by a continuous infusion of insulin. Meanwhile, the plasma glucose concentration is held constant at basal levels by a variable glucose infusion. When the steady-state is achieved, the glucose infusion rate equals glucose uptake by all the tissues in the body and is therefore a measure of tissue insulin sensitivity. The hyperinsulinemic clamps are often used to measure insulin resistance.

http://www.jove.com/video/3188/hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic-clamps-in-conscious-unrestrained-mice

The glucose clamp technique was developed by UT School of Medicine Professors DeFronzo, Andres and Tobin in 1979.^[2] It has since been the gold standard for pharmacodynamic studies in diabetes drug development and diagnostics evaluation.^[3] In human clinical trials, manual glucose clamps as well as the more modern method of automated glucose clamp find common use.^[4]

References

^ Linda von Wartburg, “What's a Glucose Clamp, Anyway?” Diabetes Health. Nov 7, 2007.[1]
^ DeFronzo RA, Tobin JD, Andres R. “Glucose Clamp Technique: a Method for Quantifying Insulin Secretion and Resistance.” Am. J. Physiol. 1979, 237, E214–E223.[2]
^ Marcus Hompesch and Klaus Rave. “An Analysis of How to Measure Glucose during Glucose Clamps: Are Glucose Meters Ready for Research?” J. Diabetes Sci. Technol. 2008, 2, 896–898.[3]
^ GmbH, Profil Institut für Stoffwechselforschung. "ClampArt and other glucose clamps at Profil". www.profil.com. Retrieved 2015-09-24.

UpToDate Contents

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1. インスリン抵抗性：定義および臨床像 insulin resistance definition and clinical spectrum
2. 脂質異常症の二次的原因 secondary causes of dyslipidemia
3. インスリン作用 insulin action
4. インスリン分泌および膵β細胞の機能 insulin secretion and pancreatic beta cell function
5. デヒドロエピアンドロステロンおよびその硫酸塩 dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulfate

English Journal

Effects of an olmesartan/amlodipine fixed dose on blood pressure control, some adipocytokines and interleukins levels compared with olmesartan or amlodipine monotherapies.

Derosa G, Cicero AF, Carbone A, Querci F, Fogari E, D'Angelo A, Maffioli P.SourceDepartment of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy Aging and Kidney Diseases, "G. Descovich" Atherosclerosis Study Center, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy Hospital Center of Diabetes, Sant'Angelo Lodigiano, Lodi, Italy Ospedale Pesenti Fenaroli, Alzano Lombardo, Bergamo, Italy.
Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics.J Clin Pharm Ther.2013 Feb;38(1):48-55. doi: 10.1111/jcpt.12021. Epub 2012 Dec 5.
What is known and Objective: To evaluate the effects of an olmesartan/amlodipine single pill combination compared with olmesartan or amlodipine monotherapies on blood pressure control, lipid profile, insulin sensitivity and some adipocytokines levels. Methods: Two hundred and seventy-six patie
PMID 23216584

Critical Illness Myopathy and GLUT4 - Significance of Insulin and Muscle Contraction.

Weber-Carstens S, Schneider J, Wollersheim T, Assmann A, Bierbrauer J, Marg A, Al Hasani H, Chadt A, Wenzel K, Koch S, Fielitz J, Kleber C, Faust K, Mai K, Spies CD, Luft FC, Boschmann M, Spranger J, Spuler S.SourceDepartment of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Charité Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.
American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.Am J Respir Crit Care Med.2013 Jan 4. [Epub ahead of print]
Rationale. Critical illness myopathy (CIM) has no known cause and no treatment. Immobilization and impaired glucose metabolism are implicated. Objectives. We assessed signal transduction in skeletal muscle of patients at risk for CIM. We also investigated the effects of evoked muscle contraction (I
PMID 23239154

Serum Visfatin Is Differentially Regulated by Insulin and Free Fatty Acids in Healthy Men.

Kowalska I, Karczewska-Kupczewska M, Adamska A, Nikolajuk A, Otziomek E, Straczkowski M.SourceDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Internal Medicine (I.K., M.K.-K., A.A., E.O., M.S.), Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; and Department of Prophylaxis of Metabolic Diseases (A.N., M.S.), Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.J Clin Endocrinol Metab.2013 Jan 2. [Epub ahead of print]
Context:Serum visfatin is elevated in insulin-resistant states, ie, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and polycystic ovary syndrome, thus linking visfatin with the pathogenesis of insulin resistance.Objective:Our objective was to evaluate the effect of hyperinsulinemia and the acute elevation of fr
PMID 23284011

Japanese Journal

A case of lean polycystic ovary syndrome with early stage of type 1 diabetes successfully treated with metformin [Rapid Communication]

Endocrine Journal advpub(0), 2016
NAID 130005119378

Liver steatosis is associated with insulin resistance in skeletal muscle rather than in the liver in Japanese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease