ethmoid bone

WordNet

1. remove the bones from; "bone the turkey before roasting it" (同)debone
2. the porous calcified substance from which bones are made (同)osseous_tissue
3. consisting of or made up of bone; "a bony substance"; "the bony framework of the body"
4. a shade of white the color of bleached bones (同)ivory, pearl, off-white
5. rigid connective tissue that makes up the skeleton of vertebrates (同)os
6. having bones as specified; "his lanky long-boned body"
7. having had the bones removed; "a boneless rib roast"; "a boned (or deboned) fish" (同)deboned
8. a percussion instrument consisting of a pair of hollow pieces of wood or bone (usually held between the thumb and fingers) that are made to click together (as by Spanish dancers) in rhythm with the dance (同)castanets, clappers, finger cymbals
9. one of the eight bones of the cranium; a small bone filled with air spaces that forms part of the eye sockets and the nasal cavity (同)ethmoid_bone

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈C〉骨 / 〈U〉骨を作っている物質,骨質 / 《複数形で》骨格;死骸(がい) / 〈魚など〉‘の'骨を取る
2. (魚など)骨を取り除いた / (衣服が)(コルセットなどで)骨で張りをつけた[ような]

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/06/15 20:16:04」(JST)

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Ethmoid bone
Cranial bones
The seven bones which articulate to form the orbit. (Ethmoid is brown)
Latin	os ethmoidale
Gray's	p.153
MeSH	Ethmoid+bone
TA	A02.1.07.001
FMA	FMA:52740
Anatomical terms of bone

The ethmoid bone (/ˈɛθmɔɪd/; from Greek ethmos, "sieve") is a bone in the skull that separates the nasal cavity from the brain. It is located at the roof of the nose, between the two orbits. The cubical bone is lightweight due to a spongy construction. The ethmoid bone is one of the bones that make up the orbit of the eye.

Structure

The ethmoid has three parts: the cribriform plate, the ethmoidal labyrinth, and the perpendicular plate. Between the orbital plate and the nasal conchae are the ethmoidal sinuses or ethmoidal air cells, which are a variable number of small cavities in the lateral mass of the ethmoid.

Articulations

The ethmoid articulates with fifteen bones:

• four of the neurocranium—the frontal, and the sphenoid (at the sphenoidal body and at the sphenoidal conchae).
• eleven of the viscerocranium—, two nasal bones, two maxillae, two lacrimals, two palatines, two inferior nasal conchae, and the vomer.

Development

The ethmoid is ossified in the cartilage of the nasal capsule by three centers: one for the perpendicular plate, and one for each labyrinth.

The labyrinths are first developed, ossific granules making their appearance in the region of the lamina papyracea between the fourth and fifth months of fetal life, and extending into the conchæ.

At birth, the bone consists of the two labyrinths, which are small and ill-developed. During the first year after birth, the perpendicular plate and crista galli begin to ossify from a single center, and are joined to the labyrinths about the beginning of the second year.

The cribriform plate is ossified partly from the perpendicular plate and partly from the labyrinths.

The development of the ethmoidal cells begins during fetal life.

Function

Role in magnetoception

Main article: Magnetoception

Some birds and other migratory animals have deposits of biological magnetite in their ethmoid bones which allow them to sense the direction of the Earth's magnetic field. Humans have a similar magnetite deposit, but it is believed to be vestigial.

Clinical significance

Fracture of the lamina papyracea, the lateral plate of the ethmoid labyrinth bone, permits communication between the nasal cavity and the ipsilateral orbit through the inferomedial orbital wall, resulting in orbital emphysema. Increased pressure within the nasal cavity, as seen during sneezing, for example, leads to temporary exophthalmos.

The porous, fragile nature of the ethmoid bone makes it particularly susceptible to fractures. The ethmoid is usually fractured from an upward force to the nose. This could occur by hitting the dashboard in a car crash or landing on the ground after a fall. The ethmoid fracture can produce bone fragments that penetrate the cribriform plate. This trauma can lead to a leak of cerebral spinal fluid into the nasal cavity. These openings allow for opportunistic bacteria in the nasal cavity to enter the sterile environment of the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS is usually protected by the blood-brain barrier, but holes in the cribriform plate allow bacteria to surpass the barrier. The blood brain barrier makes it extremely difficult to treat such infections because only certain drugs can cross in the CNS.

An ethmoid fracture can also sever the olfactory nerve. This injury results in anosmia, or the loss of smell. A reduction in the ability to taste is also a side effect because it is based so heavily on smell. This injury is not fatal.

History

Additional images

• Ethmoid bone from above.

• Perpendicular plate of ethmoid.

• Ethmoid bone (view from behind).

• Ethmoid bone from the right side.

• Ethmoid bone visible in the center, inside the orbit.

• Side view of the skull.

• The skull from the front.

• Medial wall of left orbit.

• Base of the skull. Upper surface.

• Medial wall of left nasal fossa.

• Roof, floor, and lateral wall of left nasal cavity.

• Lateral wall of nasal cavity, showing ethmoid bone in position.

• Ethmoid bone

• Perpendicular plate

See also

This article uses anatomical terminology; for an overview, see anatomical terminology.

• Skull

References

This article incorporates text from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy.

Further reading

• Saladin, Kenneth S. "Anatomy and Physiology: the Unity of Form and Function" McGraw Hill, 5th ed. New York: 2010
• Banks, Peter; Brown, Andrew E. (2000). Fractures of the facial skeleton. Oxford: Wright. ISBN 0723610347. Retrieved 31 March 2012. 

External links

• http://www.theregister.com/2006/11/17/the_odd_body_nose_compass/
• Anatomy diagram: 34256.000-1 at Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator, Elsevier

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• A simple, single stage technique to harvest optimal ethmoid bone grafts for caudal septal deflections.

• Yao WC1, Bleier BS1.
• International forum of allergy & rhinology.Int Forum Allergy Rhinol.2015 Jul;5(7):622-5. doi: 10.1002/alr.21520. Epub 2015 Apr 16.
• BACKGROUND: Curvature of the caudal septum is a challenging area to surgically address because it is a tip supporting structure. Several methods to straighten the caudal septal deviation have been described to date. One commonly described technique is the placement of a bony septal batten graft. How
• PMID 25885185

• Genetically induced abnormal cranial development in human trisomy 18 with holoprosencephaly: comparisons with the normal tempo of osteogenic-neural development.

• Reid SN1, Ziermann JM1, Gondré-Lewis MC1.
• Journal of anatomy.J Anat.2015 Jul;227(1):21-33. doi: 10.1111/joa.12326. Epub 2015 May 28.
• Craniofacial malformations are common congenital defects caused by failed midline inductive signals. These midline defects are associated with exposure of the fetus to exogenous teratogens and with inborn genetic errors such as those found in Down, Patau, Edwards' and Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndromes. Ye
• PMID 26018729

• Extended orbital exenteration for sinonasal malignancy with orbital apex extension: surgical technique and clinical analysis.

• Sugawara T1, Aoyagi M1, Ogishima T1, Kawano Y1, Tamaki M2, Yano T3, Tsunoda A4, Ohno K1, Maehara T1, Kishimoto S4,5.
• Journal of neurosurgery.J Neurosurg.2015 Jul;123(1):52-8. doi: 10.3171/2014.9.JNS141256. Epub 2015 Mar 27.
• OBJECT The majority of sinonasal malignancies present with advanced disease, and cure rates are generally poor. Surgical extirpation remains the mainstay of treatment. In cases of sinonasal malignancy with orbital apex extension, gross-total tumor resection requires orbital exenteration and bony sku
• PMID 25816080

Japanese Journal

• 鼻副鼻腔悪性腫瘍に対する内視鏡下前頭蓋底手術における新たな工夫

• 日本鼻科学会会誌 54(4), 487-493, 2015
• NAID 130005116674

• 篩骨洞に発生したjuvenile psammomatoid ossifying fibroma例

• 日本鼻科学会会誌 54(1), 38-42, 2015
• NAID 130005072822

• 原発性鼻副鼻腔結核の1例

• 日本耳鼻咽喉科学会会報 117(12), 1471-1476, 2014
• NAID 130004913866

Related Links

• ethmoid bone - definition of ethmoid bone by Medical dictionary

ethmoid bone n. A light spongy bone located between the eye sockets, forming part of the walls and septum of the superior nasal cavity, and containing perforations for the passage of olfactory nerve fibers. ethmoid bone, the very light ...

• Ethmoid Bone wiki & Ethmoid Bone articles at HealthHaven.com

The ethmoid bone (/ m d /; [1] [2] from Greek ethmos, "sieve") is a bone in the skull that separates the nasal cavity from the brain. It is located at the roof of the nose, between the two orbits. The cubical bone is lightweight due to a ...

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