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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/01/09 20:19:57」(JST)

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Entropion is a medical condition in which the eyelid (usually the lower lid) folds inward. It is very uncomfortable, as the eyelashes constantly rub against the cornea and irritate it. Entropion is usually caused by genetic factors and very rarely it may be congenital when an extra fold of skin grows with the lower eyelid (epiblepharon)^{[citation needed]}. Entropion can also create secondary pain of the eye (leading to self trauma, scarring of the eyelid, or nerve damage). The upper or lower eyelid can be involved, and one or both eyes may be affected. When entropion occurs in both eyes, this is known as "bilateral entropion." Trachoma infection may cause scarring of the inner eyelid, which may cause entropion. In human cases, this condition is most common to people over 60 years of age.^[1]

Symptoms[edit]

Symptoms of entropion include:

Redness and pain around the eye
Sensitivity to light and wind
Sagging skin around the eye
Epiphora
Decreased vision, especially if the cornea is damaged

Treatment[edit]

Treatment is a relatively simple surgery in which excess skin of the outer lids is removed or tendons and muscles are shortened with one or two stitches. General anesthesia is sometimes used before local anesthetics are injected into the muscles around the eye. Prognosis is excellent if surgery is performed before the cornea is damaged.

Causes[edit]

Congenital
Aging creating loose skin and stretched and loose ligaments and muscles.
Scarring
Spasm
An eye infection called trachoma is still common in North Africa and South Asia and this can cause scarring of the inner eyelid, which may cause friction and entropion.

Entropion in other species[edit]

Canine entropion

Entropion has been documented in most dog breeds, although there are some breeds (particularly purebreds) that are more commonly affected than others. These include the Akita, Pug, Chow Chow, Shar Pei, St. Bernard, Cocker Spaniel, Boxer, English Springer Spaniel, Welsh Springer Spaniel, Labrador Retriever, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, Neapolitan Mastiff, Bull Mastiff, Great Dane, Irish Setter, Shiba Inu, Rottweiler, Poodle^[2] and particularly Bloodhound. The condition is usually present by six months of age. If left untreated, the condition can cause such trauma to the eye that it will require removal.^[3]

Feline Entropion

Entropion has also been seen in cat breeds. Typically it is secondary to trauma, or infection leading to chronic eyelid changes. It is also seen secondary to enophthalmos. Congenital cases are also seen with the brachicephalic breeds being over represented.^[4]

Upper lid entropion involves the eyelashes rubbing on the eye, but the lower lid usually has no eyelashes, so little or no hair rubs on the eye. Surgical correction is used in more severe cases. A number of techniques for surgical correction exist. The Hotz-Celsus technique involves the removal of strip of skin and orbicularis oculi muscle parallel to the affected portion of the lid and then the skin is sutured.

Wyman Technique used to Correct Feline Eye

Alternative techniques such as the Wyman technique focus on tightening the lower eyelid, this technique is not as effective in cases of enophthalmos.^[5]

Shar Peis, who often are affected as young as two or three weeks old, respond well to temporary eyelid tacking. The entropion is often corrected after three to four weeks, and the sutures are removed.^[2]

References[edit]

^ Chart 80: "Painful or irritated eye" ISBN 0-86318-864-8 p. 184
^ ^a ^b Gelatt, Kirk N. (ed.) (1999). Veterinary Ophthalmology (3rd ed. ed.). Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-683-30076-8.
^ "Blind dog Lily and faithful chum Maddison seek new home". BBC News. 21 October 2011.
^ Williams, DL; Kim (Jul-Aug 2009). "Feline entropion: a case series of 50 affected animals (2003-2008)". Veterinary Opthalmology. 4 12 (1): 221–226. doi:10.1111/j.1463-5224.2007.00482.x. PMID 17204122. Retrieved 8 September 2011. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
^ Bojrab, M Joseph (1998). Current techniques in small animal surgery. Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-683-00890-0.

External links[edit]

Humans

University of Michigan - Entropion
Medline Plus - Entropion
University of Prince Edward Island - Entropion

UpToDate Contents

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1. 眼瞼炎 blepharitis
2. 持続性の流涙がみられる小児に対するアプローチ approach to the child with persistent tearing
3. トラコーマの概要 overview of trachoma
4. 瘢痕性眼類天疱瘡 ocular cicatricial pemphigoid
5. ドライアイ dry eyes

English Journal

Open loop fascial sling for severe congenital blepharoptosis.

Arajy ZY.SourceScientific Council of Plastic Surgery, Iraqi Board for Medical Specializations, Baghdad, Iraq.
Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery : official publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery.J Craniomaxillofac Surg.2012 Feb;40(2):129-33. Epub 2011 Aug 6.
PURPOSE: Severe congenital eyelid ptosis present as a functional and aesthetic problem. The choices of procedures depend mainly on providing an additional elevator force to the upper lid to elevate it, and maintain a reasonable eye opening and vision. We describe a simple open loop fascia lata suspe
PMID 21821427

Trachomatous Trichiasis and its Management in Endemic Countries.

Rajak SN, O Collin JR, Burton MJ.SourceInternational Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK.
Survey of ophthalmology.Surv Ophthalmol.2012 Jan 27. [Epub ahead of print]
Trichiasis is the sight-threatening consequence of conjunctival scarring in trachoma, the most common infectious cause of blindness worldwide. Trachomatous trichiasis is the result of multiple infections from childhood with Chlamydia trachomatis, which causes recurrent chronic inflammation in the ta
PMID 22285842

The lower lid diamond: a simple entropion repair to correct both horizontal and lower-lid retractor laxity.

Roberts MA, Baddeley P, Sinclair N, Lane CM.SourceUniversity Hospital Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, Wales, U.K.
Ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery.Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg.2012 Jan;28(1):44-6.
PURPOSE: : To describe a simple technique for involutional entropion correction and to present the findings of a pilot study.METHODS: : Consecutive case series of 42 procedures. Patients presenting with involutional entropion in the absence of lateral canthal tendon laxity (lateral canthus could be
PMID 22186987

Japanese Journal

退行性下限瞼内反症に対する水平方向の広範囲な埋没縫合法

林憲吾,大野京子,森山無価 [他]
日本眼科学会雑誌 115(6), 529-534, 2011-06
NAID 40018883955

眼瞼手術におけるエステティックマインド (特集眼瞼の退行性疾患に対する眼形成外科手術) -- (退行性(加齢性)眼瞼疾患の手術における注意事項)

佐藤英明,宇津木龍一
ペパーズ (51), 132-146, 2011-03
NAID 40018768235

牽引筋腱膜縫着術と眼輪筋短縮術を併用した下眼瞼内反症手術 (特集眼瞼の退行性疾患に対する眼形成外科手術) -- (下眼瞼の退行性(加齢性)変化)

村上正洋
ペパーズ (51), 103-111, 2011-03
NAID 40018768230

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「眼瞼内反」「逆まつげ」「眼瞼内反症」「睫毛内反症」

「眼瞼内反」

Entropion
	Classification and external resources
	; Entropion and trichiasis secondary to trachoma
ICD-10	H02.0, Q10.2
ICD-9	374.0
DiseasesDB	29643
MedlinePlus	001008
eMedicine	oph/212
MeSH	D004774

　　[★]

英: entropion, lid entropion, entropion of the eyelid
ラ: entropium palpebrae
関: 眼瞼内反症、睫毛内反症、逆まつげ。睫毛内反 entropium ciliare

「逆まつげ」

　　[★]

英: entropion
関: 眼瞼内反症、睫毛内反症、眼瞼内反

「眼瞼内反症」

　　[★]

英: entropion
関: 睫毛内反症、逆まつげ、眼瞼内反

「睫毛内反症」

　　[★]

英: entropion
関: 眼瞼内反症、逆まつげ、眼瞼内反

[1] Chart 80: "Painful or irritated eye" ISBN 0-86318-864-8 p. 184

[Gelatt_1999-2] Gelatt, Kirk N. (ed.) (1999). Veterinary Ophthalmology (3rd ed. ed.). Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-683-30076-8.

[3] "Blind dog Lily and faithful chum Maddison seek new home". BBC News. 21 October 2011.

[4] Williams, DL; Kim (Jul-Aug 2009). "Feline entropion: a case series of 50 affected animals (2003-2008)". Veterinary Opthalmology. 4 12 (1): 221–226. doi:10.1111/j.1463-5224.2007.00482.x. PMID 17204122. Retrieved 8 September 2011. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)

[Bojrab-5] Bojrab, M Joseph (1998). Current techniques in small animal surgery. Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-683-00890-0.

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