関: elastic fiber

WordNet

capable of resuming original shape after stretching or compression; springy; "an elastic band"; "a youthful and elastic walk"
a fabric made of yarns containing an elastic material
able to adjust readily to different conditions; "an adaptable person"; "a flexible personality"; "an elastic clause in a contract" (同)flexible, pliable, pliant
a soft thin (usually translucent) paper (同)tissue_paper
part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function

PrepTutorEJDIC

『弾力のある』,伸縮自在の / 融通性のある / ゴムひも;ゴムひもで作った物,靴下留め,ズボンつり
〈U〉〈C〉(生物体の)『組織』 / 〈U〉〈C〉『薄織物』 / 〈U〉〈C〉水を吸収する柔らかな薄紙 / 〈C〉カーボンコピー用薄紙 / 〈C〉《a ~》(…を)織り交ぜて作ったもの《+of+名》 / =tissue paper

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/10/03 17:56:02」(JST)

wiki en

Elastic fibers (or yellow fibers) are bundles of proteins (elastin) found in extracellular matrix^[1] of connective tissue and produced by fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells in arteries. These fibers can stretch up to 1.5 times their length, and snap back to their original length when relaxed. Elastic fibers include elastin, elaunin and oxytalan.

Elastic tissue is classified as "connective tissue proper".^[2]

The elastic fiber is formed from the elastic microfibril (consisting of numerous proteins such as microfibrillar-associated glycoproteins, fibrillin, fibullin, and the elastin receptor) and amorphous elastin.

The microfibril scaffolds and organizes the deposition of amorphous elastin. Amorphous elastin forms from monomers of soluble tropoelastin which is insolubilized and crosslinked into amorphous elastin by lysyl oxidase. Lysyl oxidase reacts with specific lysine residues and by oxidative deamination generates reactive aldehydes and allysine.

These reactive aldehydes and allysines can react with lysine and other allysine residues to crosslink and form desmosine, isodesmosine, and a number of other polyfunctional crosslinks that join surrounding elastin molecules to build an elastin matrix and elastic fiber. These unique crosslinks are responsible for elastin's elasticity.

Distribution

Elastic fibers are found in the skin, lungs, arteries, veins, connective tissue proper, elastic cartilage, periodontal ligament, fetal tissue and other structures.

Histology

Elastic fibers stain well with aldehyde fuchsin, orcein,^[3] and Weigert's elastic stain in histological sections.

The permanganate-bisulfite-toluidine blue reaction is a highly selective and sensitive method for demonstrating elastic fibers under polarizing optics. The induced birefringence demonstrates the highly ordered molecular structure of the elastin molecules in the elastic fiber. This is not readily apparent under normal optics.

Defects and disease

There is evidence to believe that certain defects of any components of the elastic matrix may impair and alter the structural appearance of elastic and collagen fibers.

Cutis laxa and Williams syndrome have elastic matrix defects that have been directly associated with alterations in the elastin gene.

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is a genetic disorder where elastin is excessively degraded by elastase, a degrading protein released by neutrophils during the inflammatory response. This leads most often to emphysema and liver disease in affected individuals.

Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome, Menkes disease, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, and Marfan's syndrome have been associated with defects in copper metabolism and lysyl oxidase or defects in the microfibril (defects in fibrillin, or fibullin for example).

Hurler disease, a lysosomal storage disease, is associated with an altered elastic matrix.

Hypertension and some congenital heart defects are associated with alterations in the great arteries, arteries, and arterioles with alterations in the elastic matrix.

References

^ Liu X, Zhao Y, Gao J, et al. (February 2004). "Elastic fiber homeostasis requires lysyl oxidase-like 1 protein". Nat. Genet. 36 (2): 178–82. doi:10.1038/ng1297. PMID 14745449.
^ Strum, Judy M.; Gartner, Leslie P.; Hiatt, James L. (2007). Cell biology and histology. Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 83. ISBN 0-7817-8577-4.
^ "Connective Tissue".

External links

Histology image: 00801ooa - Histology Learning System at Boston University - "Connective Tissue elastic fibers "
UIUC Histology Subject 328
Elastic+fibers at eMedicine Dictionary
Anatomy photo: TermsCells&Tissues/connective/elastic/elastic2 - Comparative Organology at University of California, Davis - "Connective tissue, elastic (LM, High)"

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

The influence of yield surface shape and damage in the depth-dependent response of bone tissue to nanoindentation using spherical and Berkovich indenters.

Schwiedrzik JJ1, Zysset PK.
Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering.Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin.2015 Apr;18(5):492-505. doi: 10.1080/10255842.2013.818665. Epub 2013 Sep 26.
Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis rely on understanding of the micromechanical behaviour of bone and its influence on fracture toughness and cell-mediated adaptation processes. Postyield properties may be assessed by nonlinear finite element simulations of nanoindentation using elastoplastic
PMID 24070433

Incorporation of chitosan in biomimetic gelatin/chondroitin-6-sulfate/hyaluronan cryogel for cartilage tissue engineering.

Kuo CY1, Chen CH2, Hsiao CY3, Chen JP4.
Carbohydrate polymers.Carbohydr Polym.2015 Mar 6;117:722-30. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.10.056. Epub 2014 Oct 30.
We prepare an elastic macroporous gelatin/chondoitin-6-sulfate/hyaluronan (GCH) cryogel scaffold mimic the composition of cartilage extracellular matrix for cartilage tissue engineering. By incorporating chitosan in the cryogel to replace 20% gelatin, a GCH-chitosan cryogel was also synthesized and
PMID 25498693

Efficacy of supermacroporous poly(ethylene glycol)-gelatin cryogel matrix for soft tissue engineering applications.

Sharma A1, Bhat S2, Nayak V3, Kumar A4.
Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications.Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl.2015 Feb;47:298-312. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.11.031. Epub 2014 Nov 12.
Three dimensional scaffolds synthesized using natural or synthetic polymers act as an artificial niche for cell adherence and proliferation. In this study, we have fabricated cryogels employing blend of poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) and gelatin using two different crosslinkers like, glutaraldehyde an
PMID 25492201

Japanese Journal

クリプトコッカス症を疑った左頰部肉芽種の1例

羽田朱里,渡邊伸也,中島純子,佐藤泰則
日本口腔診断学会雑誌 27(1), 61-65, 2014
… An elastic hard painless mass with a size of 10 × 13 mm was palpable in the left buccal region. … The histopathological diagnosis was granulation tissue formation by fungal infection of Cryptococcus, etc. …
NAID 130003398162

下部直腸・肛門管と腟の接合部の組織構築と神経分布

秦史壮,荒川高志,岡田邦明,西森英史,池田慎一郎,山田真美,平間知美,矢嶋知己,阿部伸一
日本大腸肛門病学会雑誌 67(1), 8-15, 2014
下部直腸・肛門管と腟の間の組織構築および神経分布を検索するため，成人献体10体から矢状断ないし斜め水平断の組織切片を作成，弾性線維染色および神経免疫組織染色を施した．矢状断では，弾性線維に富む連合縦走筋が，会陰体外側延長部（LEPB）と内肛門括約筋の間を下行，外肛門括約筋に放散していた．前束と後束に分かれ，前束がLEPB内に放散することもあった．いわゆる直腸腟中隔は薄くかつ寸断されており，下部直腸 …
NAID 130003385086

空中超音波の生体内音波伝搬におけるFDTD法を用いた数値解析

平田慎之介,蜂屋弘之
電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. US, 超音波 113(68), 35-39, 2013-05-20
生体内を伝搬する超音波の速度や減衰を計測し,伝搬経路の弾性的性質や組織構造を定量的に診断する手法は,低侵襲,X線被曝の心配がないという特徴から広く普及している.本研究では,空中超音波を踵に照射し,透過した超音波の伝搬時間を計測することで,踵骨を非接触で評価する手法を提案している.これまでに踵を透過し,著しく減衰した空中超音波の検出に成功しているが,空気中や踵内での回り込み,媒質境界での多重反射など …
NAID 110009768492