WordNet

that is flowing outward (同)outflowing
water mixed with waste matter (同)wastewater, sewer water
a liquid solution that results from elution

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流出物,廃水;(湖・貯水池などからの)放流

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/04/16 21:04:17」(JST)

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Wastewater discharge

Effluent is an outflowing of water or gas from a natural body of water, or from a manmade structure.

Effluent, in engineering, is the stream exiting a chemical reactor.^[1]

Effluent is defined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency as "wastewater - treated or untreated - that flows out of a treatment plant, sewer, or industrial outfall. Generally refers to wastes discharged into surface waters".^[2] The Compact Oxford English Dictionary defines effluent as "liquid waste or sewage discharged into a river or the sea".^[3]

Effluent in the artificial sense is in general considered to be water pollution, such as the outflow from a sewage treatment facility or the wastewater discharge from industrial facilities. An effluent sump pump, for instance, pumps waste from toilets installed below a main sewage line. Similar to wastewater produced in different establishments, industries, and facilities. These wastewater released can also accumulate and pollute the nearby communities and bodies of water^[4]

In the context of waste water treatment plants, effluent that has been treated is sometimes called secondary effluent, or treated effluent. This cleaner effluent is then used to feed the bacteria in biofilters.

In the context of a thermal power station, the output of the cooling system may be referred to as the effluent cooling water, which is noticeably warmer than the environment. Effluent only refers to liquid discharge.

In sugar beet processing, effluent is often settled in water tanks that allow the mud-contaminated water to settle. The mud sinks to the bottom, leaving the top section of water clear, free to be pumped back into the river or be reused in the process again.

The Mississippi River's effluent of fresh water is so massive (7,000 to 20,000 m³/s, or 200,000 to 700,000 ft³/s) that a plume of fresh water is detectable by the naked eye from space, even as it rounds Florida and up to the coast of Georgia.

References

^ Scott Fogler, Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering, page 43
^ "Terms of Environment Beginning With "E"". United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2006-10-03. Retrieved 2010-06-09.
^ "AskOxford: effluent". Ask Oxford.com. Oxford University Press,. 2010. Retrieved 2010-06-09.
^ Canencia, Oliva P; Dalugdug, Marlou D; Emano, Athena Marie; Mendoza, Richard; Walag, Angelo Mark P. (2016-08-31). "Slaughter waste effluents and river catchment watershed contamination in Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines". ResearchGate. 9 (2). ISSN 2220-6663.

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… defined by the effluent flow rate. The effluent is the waste fluid that comes out of the outflow port of the dialysate/ultrafiltrate compartment of the hemofilter . For patients on CVVH, the effluent consists …
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…(ie, effluent). Calculation of clearance – Because CVVHDF effluent contains both dialysate and ultrafiltrate, drug removal can be calculated using CVVHD equations ensuring to account for all effluent. …
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…Multiple conditions may cause cloudy effluent. The differential diagnosis can be narrowed based upon analysis of the effluent. Conditions that cause cloudy effluent may be classified according to noncellular …
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…referred to as effluent. Depending upon the location and origin of the fistula, it can be through a prior abdominal wound, incision, or an area of "virgin" abdomen. Leakage of effluent can cause irritation …
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…larger and somewhat more difficult to manage than end colostomies. The type and volume of output (effluent), and therefore fluid loss, is determined by the location of the stoma relative to the ileocecal …

English Journal

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