WordNet

a parachute used to decelerate an object that is moving rapidly (同)drogue chute, drogue_parachute
a funnel-shaped device towed as a target by an airplane
a small parachute that pulls the main parachute from its storage pack

PrepTutorEJDIC

海錨(びょう)(船首を風の方向に保つため海中に投じるカンバスの袋) / (飛行機が引く射撃練習用の)吹き流し

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/09/30 19:30:46」(JST)

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A drogue

A drogue (also known as a storm drogue) is a device external to a boat, attached to the stern and used to slow the boat down in a storm and to keep the hull perpendicular to the waves. The boat will not speed excessively down the slope of a wave and crash into the next one nor will it broach. By slowing the vessel in heavy weather, the drogue can make it easier to control. A drogue is usually constructed to provide substantial resistance when dragged through the water, and is trailed behind the vessel on a long line. A properly functioning drogue should also prevent pitchpoling.

Use

Most drogues are best deployed out of sync with the boat by one-half of the length of the prevailing waves; thus the drogue climbs a wave when the boat slides down a wave. Nylon rope is widely used for hauling drogues since it best absorbs the shock loading by stretching. However, new research indicates that using rope with less stretch accompanied by chain weight helps to maintain constant force on the deployment rode rendering storm drogue use more effective.^[1]

Weights such as chain are also employed to keep the drogue from breaching the surface of the water and skimming across the top. In addition, experienced boaters add a floating trip buoy so that the drogue can be deflated before recovery. The trip buoy line is a floating buoy attached to the top of the parachute cone which collapses the cone when pulled. In the case of series drogue lines, they are attached to the end of the line. Trip lines are especially helpful on series drogues because of their difficult recovery. Although the trip line concept is a derivative of the parachute sea anchor, evidence demonstrates that such a setup is not effective with the storm drogue.^[1]

While similar in design, the sea anchor is quite different in application from a drogue. The sea anchor is usually much larger, is intended to slow the vessel to a near complete stop, and is usually deployed off the bow (front) of the boat so that end is presented to the oncoming waves.

Speed-limiting variety

Speed-limiting drogues are single-element devices. They come in several varieties of canopy shapes that are circular in shape like a big round basket. Some are built with solid fabric while others are open in design to permit water to flow through them more readily. Holes or strips are usually cut in the drogue for stability, to reduce loads on the material, or both. Currently, the speed-limiting drogue is the most commonly used storm drogue with many designs available in the market place. See also drogue parachute.

Series drogue

Retired aeronautical engineer Don Jordan tested what is now known as the series drogue, originally conceived and patented by E.J. Pagan and later patented by Sidelnikov in 1975;^[2]^[3] however, before his tests, numerous mariners had experimented with pulling several large drogues in series. Like Sidelnikov, Jordan expanded upon this idea, and affixed a large number of small parachute drogues to a nylon rope with a weight at the end. The large number of smaller drogues results in there always being a drag force on the line; it does not have to be adjusted to be in phase with the waves as the drag is spread out over many waves. Because the drogue line is prevented from becoming slack there is no jerking or snapping of high loads on the line. This prevention reduces damage to deck fittings and reduces the chance of breakage. The number of small parachutes, the length and thickness of the line, and the size of the end weight are all matched to the displacement of the boat. Another key design feature is the V-bridle. The two attachments should be made at the outer corners of the transom with the lengths of the two bridle lines being 2.5 times the width between the attachment points. According to Jordon, special reinforcement is required for the bridle attachment since Jordon projects that forces of 7,000 lb. to 27,000 lb. and even higher can occur with a breaking wave strike.^[4] With this deployment no steering of any kind is needed.

The series drogue does not have to be adjusted during a storm. Neither do other storm drogues if they are fully deployed and they adhere to the constant rode tension theory.^[1] As sea conditions requiring a drogue are usually hazardous to be on deck, it’s usually smart to fully deploy all of the rode associated with a storm drogue. Also, the series drogue can be deployed safely with one hand from the cockpit as can any other storm drogue. Recovering a series drogue before the storm abates takes effort, but the process is safe and straightforward. It can be winched in on sheet winches if the cones are small enough to travel around the winch drum without jamming. The series drogue is currently made by three manufacturers, one in Australia, one in the United States and one in the United Kingdom. Any sailmaker can make one and you can make one yourself, though it is a tedious job.

Jury-rigged drogues

Studies undertaken by the U.S. Coast Guard have indicated that drogues made of old tires, long lengths of chain, etc. are not effective in slowing most vessels. Old tires may skim along the surface at storm speeds. Extremely long lengths of chain are required for any appreciable drag effect from chain alone. Nevertheless, these drogues continue to be used.

In fiction

In Admiral Hornblower in the West Indies by C. S. Forester, a drogue is secretly made up at night by Hornblower's crew and covertly attached to the rudder of a slave ship in order to slow it down after it leaves its safe harbor the following morning. This is to allow Hornblower's ship to overtake the otherwise faster slaver and free its captives. This particular drogue is made of sail canvas and weighted by an anchor.^[5]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Smith, Zack (2011). Shark Drogue Manual, 2nd edition. ISBN 978-0-9830080-0-2
^ Shewmon, Daniel (1998).The Sea Anchor and Drogue Handbook. Published by Daniel Shewmon
^ Taylor, Roger D. (2010). Mingming & the Art of Minimal Ocean Sailing. Troubador Publishing Ltd. p. 325. ISBN 978-0-9558035-1-2. Retrieved 28 October 2010.
^ Jordon, Donald (1987). Investigation of The Use of Drogues To Improve The Safety of Sailing Yachts.
^ Forester, C. S. (1958). Admiral Hornblower in the West Indies. Little, Brown and Company. pp. 75–78.

External links

U.S.Coast Guard Report
Maloney, Elbert S. (28 September 2006). Chapman Piloting & Seamanship. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. ISBN 978-1-58816-232-8. Retrieved 28 October 2010.
Roth, Hal (2008). Handling Storms at Sea : the five secrets of heavy weather sailing. International Marine, McGraw Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-149648-3.

English Journal

Robust Landmark Detection and Position Measurement Based on Monocular Vision for Autonomous Aerial Refueling of UAVs.

Sun S, Yin Y, Wang X, Xu .
IEEE transactions on cybernetics. 2019 Dec;49(12)4167-4179.
In this paper, a position measurement system, including drogue's landmark detection and position computation for autonomous aerial refueling of unmanned aerial vehicles, is proposed. A multitask parallel deep convolution neural network (MPDCNN) is designed to detect the landmarks of the drogue targe
PMID 30130245

The initiation of cannabis use in adolescence is predicted by sex-specific psychosocial and neurobiological features.

Spechler PA, Allgaier N, Chaarani B, Whelan R, Watts R, Orr C, Albaugh MD, D'Alberto N, Higgins ST, Hudson KE, Mackey S, Potter A, Banaschewski T, Bokde ALW, Bromberg U, Büchel C, Cattrell A, Conrod PJ, Desrivières S, Flor H, Frouin V, Gallinat J, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Martinot JL, Paillère Martinot ML, Nees F, Papadopoulos Orfanos D, Paus T, Poustka L, Smolka MN, Walter H, Schumann G, Althoff RR, Garavan H, .
The European journal of neuroscience. 2019 Aug;50(3)2346-2356.
Cannabis use initiated during adolescence might precipitate negative consequences in adulthood. Thus, predicting adolescent cannabis use prior to any exposure will inform the aetiology of substance abuse by disentangling predictors from consequences of use. In this prediction study, data were drawn
PMID 29889330

PUCHI regulates very long chain fatty acid biosynthesis during lateral root and callus formation.

Trinh DC, Lavenus J, Goh T, Boutté Y, Drogue Q, Vaissayre V, Tellier F, Lucas M, Voß U, Gantet P, Faure JD, Dussert S, Fukaki H, Bennett MJ, Laplaze L, Guyomarc'h S.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2019 Jul;116(28)14325-14330.
Lateral root organogenesis plays an essential role in elaborating plant root system architecture. In , the AP2 family transcription factor PUCHI controls cell proliferation in lateral root primordia. To identify potential targets of PUCHI, we analyzed a time course transcriptomic dataset of lateral
PMID 31235573

Japanese Journal

A1 準軌道型宇宙輸送システムの飛行実験による回収システム実証と今後の開発計画(宇宙輸送・飛翔体)

松本剛明,米本浩一,鳴海智博,宮本慎太郎,伊多倉京士朗,佐々木岳
スペース・エンジニアリング・コンファレンス講演論文集 : Space Engineering Conference 2011(20), "A1-1"-"A1-4", 2012-01-26
… The recovery system is consist of drogue chute, main chute and three air bags. … Then the rocket succeeded in drogue and main chutes ejection, airbags deployment and soft touchdown. …
NAID 110009690156

ラグランジュ・ブイを用いた潮間帯での渦動粘性係数・渦拡散係数の時空間分布推定

西敬浩,郷原慎一郎,Lemckert Charles [他]
土木学会論文集 B2 海岸工学 66(1-2), 1386-1390, 2010
NAID 40018988905

海洋の収束・発散・拡散等による表層浮遊物の移動(シンポジウム:海洋生物の漂流-沿岸からの輸送と生態-)

道田豊,田中潔,小松輝久 [他],石神健二,中嶋理人
沿岸海洋研究 46(2), 77-83, 2009-02-27
海洋表層の生物起源の諸物体の輸送過程のうち,湾内程度の空間スケールにおいて重要となる収束・発散および拡散の効果について,駿河湾と大槌湾で実施したGPS搭載漂流ブイの放流実験の結果をもとに論じる,駿河湾東部に流れ藻が集積するメカニズムに関して,多角形状に放流した漂流ブイ群がしばしば当該海域において東西方向に収束することを示し,収束発散ばかりでなく二次元変形率を用いてそうした場合の海面に束縛された漂流 …
NAID 110007611191

岡山県日生アマモ場における物理特性および自立再生に関する研究

藤井智康,潘新宇,山下正生 [他],トリイマサヤ,藤井智康,潘新宇,山下正生,鳥井正也,FUJII Tomoyasu,PAN Xinuyu,YAMASHITA Masaki,TORII Masaya
奈良教育大学紀要自然科学 55(2), 19-27, 2006-10
… In order to clarify the effect of the buffer action of current by the eelgrass (Zosteria marina L.) and the mechanism of independence formation of eelgrass bed by the advection of the seed, we carried out the fixed point observation and tracking of the current drogue for Lagragian current measurement at the coast of Ohtabu and Kakui Island in the Seto Inland Sea, Okayama Prefecture from July to November, 2005. …
NAID 80018517699

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