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A B-52H Stratofortress from the 307th Bomb Wing deploying its drag chute for landing
Drogue parachute deployed on a SAAF BAE Hawk
RAF Typhoon using a drag parachute for extra braking after landing
A drogue parachute is a parachute designed to be deployed from a rapidly moving object in order to slow the object, or to provide control and stability, or as a pilot parachute to deploy a larger parachute. It was invented by Giovanni Agusta in 1911.
Contents
- 1 Design and operational characteristics
- 2 History
- 3 Use
- 3.1 Parachuting
- 3.2 Deceleration
- 3.3 Stability
- 4 See also
- 5 References
- 6 External links
Design and operational characteristics[edit source | edit]
A drogue parachute is more elongated and has a far smaller area than a conventional parachute, and thus provides less drag. This means that a drogue parachute cannot slow an object as much as a conventional parachute, but it can be deployed at speeds at which conventional parachutes would be torn apart.[1]
The drogue parachute's simpler design allows for easier deployment. Where a conventional parachute could get caught in itself while unfolding and fail to inflate properly (thus not slowing the falling object as much as it should), the drogue parachute will inflate more easily and more reliably to generate the expected amount of drag.
History[edit source | edit]
The drogue parachute was applied for the first time in 1912 by a Russian inventor Gleb Kotelnikov, the same man who had introduced the knapsack parachute a year before. On a road near Tsarskoye Selo (now part of St. Petersburg) Kotelnikov successfully demonstrated the braking effects of parachute by accelerating a Russo-Balt automobile to the top speed, and then opening a parachute attached to the back seat.[2]
In aviation, drag chutes were used for the first time in 1937 by the Soviet airplanes in the Arctic that were providing support for the famous polar expeditions of the era, such as the first manned drifting ice station North Pole-1, launched the same year. The drag chute allowed airplanes to land safely on the ice-floes of smaller size.[2]
The NASM's Arado Ar 234B German jet bomber's drogue chute installation.
One of the earliest regular production military aircraft to use a drogue chute to slow down and shorten the landing run was the Arado Ar 234 reconnaissance-bomber of the Luftwaffe, as both the trolley-and-skid undercarriage series of eight prototypes for the never-produced Ar 234A series and the tricycle undercarriage-equipped Ar 234B production series were fitted with drogue chute deployment capability in the extreme rear ventral fuselage.
Use[edit source | edit]
Parachuting[edit source | edit]
Drogue parachutes are sometimes used to deploy a main or reserve parachute by using the drag generated by the drogue to pull the main parachute out of its container. The most familiar drogue parachute is the one used in this manner in parachuting.[citation needed] Such a drogue is referred to as a pilot chute when used in a single user (sports) parachute system. The pilot chute is only used to deploy the main or reserve parachute; it is not used for slowing down or for stability. Tandem systems are different; to reduce the terminal velocity of the pair of tandem jumpers, a drogue is deployed shortly after exiting the aircraft. It is later used to deploy the main parachute as on sports systems.
Deceleration[edit source | edit]
Dual braking parachutes fitted to Jet dragsters The parachutes are in the smaller tubes with yellow straps.
When used as a method of decreasing the landing distance of an aircraft below that available solely from the aircraft's brakes, the device is called a drag parachute or braking parachute.
Braking parachutes are also employed to slow drag racing (NHRA requires them on all vehicles that reach 150 miles per hour) and land speed record vehicles.[3]
Stability[edit source | edit]
Drogue parachutes may also be used to help stabilise direction of something in flight, such as a thrown RKG-3 anti-tank grenade. It is often used to gain control of very fast descents, including those of spacecraft during atmospheric reentry, or nuclear bombs such as the B61 and B83. Some escape capsules used by supersonic aircraft deploy drogue parachutes to stabilise and slow down, allowing either a main chute to be deployed or the pilot to exit the capsule and use a personal chute.
See also[edit source | edit]
- Air brake (aircraft)
- Drogue
References[edit source | edit]
- ^ "Abbreviations and Acronyms". Relive Apollo 11. NASA.
- ^ a b Parachuting at the site Divo: The Russian Book of records and achievements (Russian)
- ^ "North American Eagle Project: Deceleration - High Speed Parachute Systems".
External links[edit source | edit]
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