WordNet

an impulsive scatterbrained manner (同)silliness
a reeling sensation; a feeling that you are about to fall (同)giddiness, lightheadedness, vertigo
a frivolous lack of prudence
make dizzy or giddy; "a dizzying pace"
having or causing a whirling sensation; liable to falling; "had a dizzy spell"; "a dizzy pinnacle"; "had a headache and felt giddy"; "a giddy precipice"; "feeling woozy from the blow on his head"; "a vertiginous climb up the face of the cliff" (同)giddy, woozy, vertiginous

PrepTutorEJDIC

めまい / 軽率,軽薄
目まい
めまい
(人が)めまいがする,ふらふらする / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》(場所・状況などが)めまいを起こさせる,目をくらませるような / 《補語にのみ用いて》(…で)浮き浮きした《+with+名》 / 愚かな,ばかな / …‘に'めまいを起こさせる,‘を'ふらつかせる / …‘を'まごつかせる,‘の'心を混乱させる
目が回る,めまいを起こす

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/09/13 22:03:33」(JST)

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Dizziness refers to an impairment in spatial perception and stability.^[1] The term is somewhat imprecise.^[2] It can be used to mean vertigo, presyncope, disequilibrium,^[3] or a non-specific feeling such as giddiness or foolishness.^[4]

One can induce dizziness by engaging in disorientating activities such as spinning.

Vertigo is a specific medical term used to describe the sensation of spinning or having one's surroundings spin about them. Many people find vertigo very disturbing and often report associated nausea and vomiting. It represents about 25% of cases of occurrences of dizziness.^[5]
Disequilibrium is the sensation of being off balance, and is most often characterized by frequent falls in a specific direction. This condition is not often associated with nausea or vomiting.
Presyncope is lightheadedness, muscular weakness and feeling faint as opposed to a syncope, which is actually fainting.
Non-specific dizziness is often psychiatric in origin. It is a diagnosis of exclusion and can sometimes be brought about by hyperventilation.^[4]

A stroke is the cause of isolated dizziness in 0.7% of people who present to the emergency room.^[5]

Classification

Dizziness is broken down into 4 main subtypes: vertigo (~50%), disequilibrium (less than ~15%), presyncope (less than ~15%) and lightheadedness (~10%).^[6]

Differential diagnosis

Many conditions are associated with dizziness. However, the most common subcategories can be broken down as follows: 40% peripheral vestibular dysfunction, 10% central nervous system lesion, 15% psychiatric disorder, 25% presyncope/dysequilibrium, and 10% nonspecific dizziness.^[7] The medical conditions that often have dizziness as a symptom include:^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Meniere's disease
Vestibular neuronitis
Labyrinthitis
Otitis media
Acoustic neuroma
Chronic motion sickness
Ramsay Hunt syndrome
Migraine
Multiple sclerosis
pregnancy
low blood pressure (hypotension)
low blood oxygen content (hypoxemia)
heart attack^[11]
iron deficiency (anemia)
low blood sugar (hypoglycemia)
hormonal changes (e.g., thyroid disease, menstruation, pregnancy)
panic disorder
hyperventilation
anxiety
depression
age-diminished visual, balance, and perception of spatial orientation abilities

Mechanism

Many conditions cause dizziness because multiple parts of the body are required for maintaining balance including the inner ear, eyes, muscles, skeleton, and the nervous system.^[9]

Common physiological causes of dizziness include:

inadequate blood supply to the brain due to:
- a sudden fall in blood pressure^[9]
- heart problems or artery blockages^[9]
loss or distortion of vision or visual cues^[9]
disorders of the inner ear^[9]
distortion of brain/nervous function by medications such as anticonvulsants and sedatives^[9]

Epidemiology

About 20–30% of the population report to have experienced dizziness at some point in the previous year.^[5]

References

^ "dizziness" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
^ Dizziness at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
^ Reeves, Alexander G., Swenson, Rand S. (2008). "Chapter 14: Evaluation of the Dizzy Patient". Disorders of the Nervous System: A Primer. Dartmouth Medical School. http://www.dartmouth.edu/~dons/part_2/chapter_14.html#chpt_14_presyncope.
^ ^a ^b Branch, Jr, William T., Barton, Jason (February 10, 2011). "Approach to the patient with dizziness". UpToDate. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-the-patient-with-dizziness.
^ ^a ^b ^c Neuhauser HK, Lempert T (November 2009). "Vertigo: epidemiologic aspects". Semin Neurol 29 (5): 473–81. doi:10.1055/s-0029-1241043. PMID 19834858.
^ Post RE, Dickerson LM (August 2010). "Dizziness: a diagnostic approach". Am Fam Physician 82 (4): 361–8, 369. PMID 20704166.
^ ^a ^b Chan Y (June 2009). "Differential diagnosis of dizziness". Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 17 (3): 200–3. doi:10.1097/MOO.0b013e32832b2594. PMID 19365263.
^ Tusa RJ (March 2009). "Dizziness". Med. Clin. North Am. 93 (2): 263–71, vii. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2008.09.005. PMID 19272508.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "Dizziness and Vertigo". Merck Manual. 2009. http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec08/ch084/ch084e.html?qt=dizziness&alt=sh.
^ Bronstein AM, Lempert T (2010). "Management of the patient with chronic dizziness". Restor. Neurol. Neurosci. 28 (1): 83–90. doi:10.3233/RNN-2010-0530. PMID 20086285.
^ O’Connor RE, Brady W, Brooks SC, Diercks D, Egan J, Ghaemmaghami C, Menon V, O’Neil BJ, Travers AH, Yannopoulos D. Part 10: acute coronary syndromes: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation. 2010;122(suppl 3):S788

External links

Dizzytimes.com Online Community for Sufferers of Vertigo and Dizziness
Dysautonomia Youth Network of America, Inc.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 浮動性めまい患者へのアプローチ approach to the patient with dizziness
2. 小児および思春期における浮動性めまいの評価 evaluation of dizziness in children and adolescents
3. 下肢末梢動脈疾患の症状を治療するための試験的治療 investigational therapies for treating symptoms of lower extremity peripheral artery disease
4. 回転性めまいの治療 treatment of vertigo
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