WordNet

generating excessive gas in the alimentary canal

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腹にガスのたまった / 大げさな,誇張した
膨張

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/11/22 01:52:34」(JST)

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1. 腸内ガスと膨満 intestinal gas and bloating
2. Intestinal malrotation in adults
3. Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome and other causes of sleep-related hypoventilation in children
4. Overview of eye injuries in the emergency department
5. 肥満手術の後期合併症 late complications of bariatric surgical operations

English Journal

Differential activation of the prefrontal cortex and amygdala following psychological stress and colorectal distension in the maternally separated rat.

Felice VD1, Gibney SM2, Gosselin RD2, Dinan TG3, O'Mahony SM4, Cryan JF1.Author information 1Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland; Laboratory of Neurogastroenterology, Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Ireland.2Laboratory of Neurogastroenterology, Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Ireland.3Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, University College Cork, Ireland.4Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland; Laboratory of Neurogastroenterology, Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Ireland. Electronic address: somahony@ucc.ie.AbstractVisceral hypersensitivity is a hallmark of many clinical conditions and remains an ongoing medical challenge. Although the central neural mechanisms that regulate visceral hypersensitivity are incompletely understood, it has been suggested that stress and anxiety often act as initiating or exacerbating factors. Dysfunctional corticolimbic structures have been implicated in disorders of visceral hypersensitivity such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Moreover, the pattern of altered physiological responses to psychological and visceral stressors reported in IBS patients is also observed in the maternally separated (MS) rat model of IBS. However, the relative contribution of various divisions within the cortex to the altered stress responsivity of MS rats remains unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the cellular activation pattern of the prefrontal cortex and amygdala in response to an acute psychological stressor (open field) and colorectal distension (CRD) using c-fos immunohistochemistry. Several corticoamygdalar structures were analyzed for the presence of c-fos-positive immunoreactivity including the prelimbic cortex, infralimbic cortex, the anterior cingulate cortex (both rostral and caudal) and the amygdala. Our data demonstrate distinct activation patterns within these corticoamygdalar regions including differential activation in basolateral versus central amygdala following exposure to CRD but not the open field stress. The identification of this neuronal activation pattern may provide further insight into the neurochemical pathways through which therapeutic strategies for IBS could be derived.
Neuroscience.Neuroscience.2014 May 16;267:252-62. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.01.064. Epub 2014 Feb 8.
Visceral hypersensitivity is a hallmark of many clinical conditions and remains an ongoing medical challenge. Although the central neural mechanisms that regulate visceral hypersensitivity are incompletely understood, it has been suggested that stress and anxiety often act as initiating or exacerbat
PMID 24513388

Opposite role played by GABAA and GABAB receptors in the modulation of peristaltic activity in mouse distal colon.

Auteri M1, Zizzo MG1, Mastropaolo M1, Serio R2.Author information 1Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Laboratorio di Fisiologia generale, Viale delle Scienze, I-90128 Palermo, Università di Palermo, Italy.2Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Laboratorio di Fisiologia generale, Viale delle Scienze, I-90128 Palermo, Università di Palermo, Italy. Electronic address: rosa.serio@unipa.it.AbstractWe investigated the role of GABA on intestinal motility using as model the murine distal colon. Effects induced by GABA receptors recruitment were examined in whole colonic segments and isolated circular muscle preparations to analyze their influence on peristaltic reflex and on spontaneous and neurally-evoked contractions. Using a modified Trendelenburg set-up, rhythmic peristaltic contractions were evoked by gradual distension of the colonic segments. Spontaneous and neurally-evoked mechanical activity of circular muscle strips were recorded in vitro as changes in isometric tension. GABA, at low concentrations (10-50µM), potentiated peristaltic activity and the neural cholinergic contractions, whilst it, at higher concentrations (500µM-1mM), had inhibitory effects. GABA excitatory effects were mimicked by muscimol, GABAA-receptor agonist, and prevented by bicuculline, GABAA-receptor antagonist, which per se reduced peristaltic activity and the cholinergic contractile responses. Inhibitory effects were mimicked by baclofen, GABAB-receptor agonist, and antagonized by phaclofen, GABAB-receptor antagonist and by hexamethonium, neural nicotinic receptor antagonist. Guanethidine was ineffective on GABA effects. Non-cholinergic responses were not affected by GABA agents. All drugs failed to affect the response to carbachol. Lastly, GABAC receptor agonist/antagonist had any effect on colonic motility. In conclusion, GABA in mouse distal colon is a modulator of peristaltic activity via the regulation of acetylcholine release from cholinergic neurons through interaction with GABAA or GABAB receptors. GABAA receptors are recruited at low GABA concentrations, increasing acetylcholine release and propulsive activity. At high GABA concentrations the activation of GABAB receptors overrides GABAA receptor effects, decreasing acetylcholine release and peristaltic activity.
European journal of pharmacology.Eur J Pharmacol.2014 May 15;731:93-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.03.003. Epub 2014 Mar 15.
We investigated the role of GABA on intestinal motility using as model the murine distal colon. Effects induced by GABA receptors recruitment were examined in whole colonic segments and isolated circular muscle preparations to analyze their influence on peristaltic reflex and on spontaneous and neur
PMID 24642362

Inhibitory effect of the selective serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ramosetron on duodenal acidification-induced gastric hypersensitivity in rats.

Nakata-Fukuda M1, Hirata T2, Keto Y2, Yamano M2, Yokoyama T2, Uchiyama Y3.Author information 1Pharmacology Research Labs., Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan; Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan. Electronic address: mari.nakata@astellas.com.2Pharmacology Research Labs., Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan.3Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.AbstractIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional dyspepsia (FD) are both functional gastrointestinal disorders and frequently co-occur in patients. While one cause of FD appears to be gastric hypersensitivity, whether the hypersensitivity is affected by IBS treatments remains unclear, given the lack of appropriate animal models for testing. Here, we established an experimental model of duodenal acidification-induced gastric hypersensitivity in conscious rats. The model involved duodenal acidification induced by the infusion of hydrochloric acid into the proximal duodenum, with the nociceptive response being determined as the change in mean arterial pressure (MAP) during gastric distension via an indwelling latex balloon. Using our model we evaluated the effects of duodenal acidification, increased distension pressure, and orally administered therapeutic agents for IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D). Duodenal acidification enhanced the pressor response during gastric distension, and pretreatment with the opioid κ-receptor agonist fedotozine (10mg/kg, intra-arterial) inhibited the pressor response. Pressure levels of 15-60mmHg increased MAP in response to gastric distension. The serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ramosetron (30μg/kg) inhibited MAP increase induced by duodenal acidification, with no other IBS-D therapeutic agents showing any effect. In contrast, the serotonin 5-HT3 receptor agonist m-chlorophenylbiguanide (1mg/kg) significantly enhanced the pressor response during gastric distension. These findings indicate that the serotonin 5-HT3 receptor plays a key role in duodenal acidification-induced gastric hypersensitivity in rats, suggesting that ramosetron may reduce FD symptoms by ameliorating sensitized gastric perception.
European journal of pharmacology.Eur J Pharmacol.2014 May 15;731:88-92. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.02.040. Epub 2014 Mar 13.
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional dyspepsia (FD) are both functional gastrointestinal disorders and frequently co-occur in patients. While one cause of FD appears to be gastric hypersensitivity, whether the hypersensitivity is affected by IBS treatments remains unclear, given the lack of
PMID 24632457

Japanese Journal

Multiple blood feeding and host-seeking behavior in aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera: Culicidae)

Thahsin Farjana,Nobuko Tuno
Journal of Medical Entomology 50(4), 838-846, 2013-07-00
… We found that two mechanisms that inhibit engorged mosquitoes from seeking out hosts, distension-induced and oocyte-induced inhibition, were not strong enough to limit host-seeking behavior, and multiple feeding increased fecundity. …
NAID 120005327250

新生児腸間膜裂孔ヘルニアの1例

田浦康明[他]
長崎醫學會雜誌 : Nagasaki Igakkai zasshi 88(1), 71-75, 2013-03-25
新生児腸間膜裂孔ヘルニアの1例を経験したので報告する。出生直前の胎児超音波検査で腸管拡張を指摘され、出生直後から著明な腹部膨満を認めた。出生当日に腸閉塞の診断で開腹手術を施行した。回腸末端部の腸間膜裂孔に迷入した小腸が捻転絞扼されていた。45cmの壊死小腸を切除し、残存小腸は75cmとなった。画像所見から器質的疾患を疑い、速やかに手術を行うことで、術後合併症も無く順調に回復した。新生児腸間膜裂孔ヘ …
NAID 110009577961

Chilaiditi 症候群を呈したα - グルコシダーゼ阻害薬による腸管気腫症の１例

小島正幸,横山卓,横田真一郎,勝部乙大
自治医科大学紀要 = Jichi Medical University Journal 35, 111-116, 2013-03-00
… A 79-year-old woman who had been treated for more than five years with an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor（ αGI）（ acarbose） for diabetes mellitus presented to our hospital complaining of abdominal pain and a sense of distension since the previous night. …
NAID 120005295175