遠位尿細管
- 関
- distal kidney tubule、distal tubule
WordNet
- situated farthest from point of attachment or origin, as of a limb or bone
- directed away from the midline or mesial plane of the body
- a small tube
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 中心から遠い,末梢(まっしょう)[部]の,末端[部]の
- 小管,細管
- 腎臓の
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/05/16 08:50:33」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Distal convoluted tubule |
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Kidney nephron ("1st proximal convoluted tubule", "2nd distal convoluted tubule")
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Section of cortex of human kidney.
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| Details |
| Latin |
tubulus contortus distalis |
| Precursor |
Metanephrogenic blastema |
| Identifiers |
| Gray's |
p.1223 |
| MeSH |
Distal+Kidney+Tubule |
Dorlands
/Elsevier |
12830066 |
| Anatomical terminology |
The distal convoluted tubule (DCT) is a portion of kidney nephron between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct system.
Contents
- 1 Physiology
- 2 Clinical significance
- 3 Histology
- 4 Additional images
- 5 References
- 6 External links
Physiology
It is partly responsible for the regulation of potassium, sodium, calcium, and pH. It is the primary site for the kidneys' hormone based regulation of calcium (Ca).
On its apical surface (lumen side), cells of the DCT have a thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter and are permeable to Ca, via the TRPV5 channel. On the basolateral surface (blood) there is an ATP-dependent Na/K antiporter pump, a secondary active Na/Ca transporter, and an ATP dependent Ca transporter. The basolateral ATP dependent Na/K pump produces the gradient for Na to be absorbed from the apical surface via the Na/Cl symporter, and for Ca to be reclaimed into the blood by the Na/Ca basolateral antiporter.
- It regulates pH by absorbing bicarbonate and secreting protons (H+) into the filtrate, or by absorbing protons and secreting bicarbonate into the filtrate.
- Sodium and potassium levels are controlled by secreting K+ and absorbing Na+. Sodium absorption by the distal tubule is mediated by the hormone aldosterone. Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption. Sodium and chloride (salt) reabsorption is also mediated by a group of kinases called WNK kinases. There are 4 different WNK kinases, WNK1, WNK2, WNK3, and WNK4.
- It also participates in calcium regulation by reabsorbing Ca2+ in response to parathyroid hormone.[1] PTH effect is mediated through phosphorylation of regulatory proteins and enhancing the synthesis of all transporters within the distal convoluted tubule.
- Arginine vasopressin receptor 2 is also expressed in the DCT.
Clinical significance
Thiazide diuretics inhibit Na+/Cl− reabsorption from the DCT by blocking the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter.
By inhibiting the cotransporter, thiazide diuretics increase the gradient potential for Na. This increases the activity of the basolateral Na/Ca antiport and causes the increase in calcium reclamation associated with thiazide diuretics.
Histology
The DCT is lined with simple cuboidal cells that are shorter than those of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT). The lumen appears larger in DCT than the PCT lumen because the PCT has a brush border (microvilli). DCT can be recognized by its numerous mitochondria, basal infoldings and lateral membrane interdigitations with neighboring cells.
The point where DCT contacts afferent arteriole of renal corpuscle is called macula densa. It has tightly packed columnar cells which display reversed polarity and may monitor the osmolarity of blood.
Histologically, cells of the DCT can be differentiated from cells of the proximal convoluted tubule:
| Characteristic |
PCT |
DCT |
| Apical brush border |
Usually present |
Not present |
| Eosinophilicity |
More |
Less |
| Cytoplasm |
More |
Less |
| Readily discernible nuclei |
Less likely |
More likely |
Additional images
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1 Glomerulus, 2 proximal tubule, 3 distal tubule
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Transverse section of pyramidal substance of kidney of pig, the bloodvessels of which are injected.
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Diagram outlining movement of ions in nephron.
References
- ^ MedEd at Loyola mech/cases/case24/kidney.htm
External links
- Histology image: 35_19 at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
- Physiology at MCG 7/7ch03/7ch03p18
- Physiology at MCG 7/7ch07/7ch07p14
- Histology image: 16004loa – Histology Learning System at Boston University
- Histology image: 16007loa – Histology Learning System at Boston University
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Anatomy of the urinary system
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| Abdomen |
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Kidneys
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Layers
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- Fascia
- Capsule
- Cortex
- Medulla
- sinus
- pyramids
- medullary interstitium
- Lobe
- Cortical lobule
- Medullary ray
- Nephron
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Intrarenal arteries
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- Renal artery
- Segmental arteries
- Interlobar arteries
- Arcuate arteries
- Interlobular arteries
- Afferent arterioles
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Renal tubule
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- Renal corpuscle
- Glomerulus
- Bowman's capsule
- Proximal convoluted tubule
- Loop of Henle
- Descending
- Thin ascending
- Thick ascending
- Distal convoluted tubule
- Connecting tubule
- Collecting ducts
- Renal papilla
- Minor calyx
- Major calyx
- Renal pelvis
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Intrarenal veins
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- Efferent arterioles
- Peritubular capillaries/Vasa recta
- Arcuate vein
- Interlobar veins
- Renal vein
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Juxtaglomerular
apparatus
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- Macula densa
- Juxtaglomerular cells
- Mesangium
- Extraglomerular mesangial cell
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Filtration
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- Glomerular basement membrane
- Podocyte
- Filtration slits
- Mesangium
- Intraglomerular mesangial cell
- Tubular fluid
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Ureters
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- Orifice of ureter
- Adventitia
- Muscular layer
- Mucosa
- Ureteropelvic junction
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| Pelvis |
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Bladder
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- Apex
- Uvula
- Neck
- Median umbilical ligament
- Muscular layer
- Mucosa
- Submucosa
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Urethra
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- Urethral sphincters
- External sphincter muscle of male urethra
- External sphincter muscle of female urethra
- Internal sphincter muscle of urethra
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Index of the urinary system
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| Description |
- Anatomy
- Physiology
- Development
- Cells
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| Disease |
- Electrolyte and acid-base
- Congenital
- Neoplasms and cancer
- Other
- Symptoms and signs
- Urine tests
- Blood tests
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| Treatment |
- Procedures
- Drugs
- Intravenous fluids
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Notch is required for the formation of all nephron segments and primes nephron progenitors for differentiation.
- Chung E1, Deacon P1, Park JS2.
- Development (Cambridge, England).Development.2017 Nov 7. pii: dev.156661. doi: 10.1242/dev.156661. [Epub ahead of print]
- PMID 29113990
- On the toxicity and transport mechanisms of cisplatin in kidney tissues in comparison to a gold-based cytotoxic agent.
- Spreckelmeyer S1, Estrada-Ortiz N2, Prins GGH2, van der Zee M2, Gammelgaard B3, Stürup S3, de Graaf IAM2, Groothuis GMM2, Casini A4.
- Metallomics : integrated biometal science.Metallomics.2017 Nov 6. doi: 10.1039/c7mt00271h. [Epub ahead of print]
- PMID 29104982
- Metabolic acidosis stimulates the production of the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin in rabbit urine.
- Peng H1, Purkerson JM1, Schwaderer AL2, Schwartz GJ3.
- American journal of physiology. Renal physiology.Am J Physiol Renal Physiol.2017 Nov 1;313(5):F1061-F1067. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00701.2016. Epub 2017 Jul 26.
- PMID 28747361
Japanese Journal
- IL-36 alpha Regulates Tubulointerstitial Inflammation in the Mouse Kidney
- Immunolocalization of β-catenin, E-cadherin and N-cadherin in neonate and adult rat kidney
- 肝動脈化学塞栓療法時のhydrationによる体液貯留予防にTolvaptanが有効であった肝硬変合併肝細胞癌の4例
Related Links
- Distal renal tubular acidosis is a disease that occurs when the kidneys do not properly remove acids from the blood into the urine. As a result, too much ... When the body performs its normal functions, it produces acid.
- As stated earlier, the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting tubule reclaim about 15% of filtered bicarbonate, lower the urine pH to its final value, and titrate most of the nonbicarbonate urinary buffers. In the cortical collecting ...
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 関
- distal renal tubule、distal tubule
[★]
- 関
- centrifugal、distalis、distally、distant、efferent、end、extremity、terminal、terminally
[★]
- 関
- canaliculi、canaliculus、kidney tubule、renal tubular、renal tubule、tubular、uriniferous tubule
[★]
尿細管、腎尿細管
- 関
- kidney tubule、renal tubular、tubular、tubule、uriniferous tubule
[★]
- 関
- kidney、renally