dissipated

　 　

WordNet

1. preoccupied with the pursuit of pleasure and especially games of chance; "led a dissipated life"; "a betting man"; "a card-playing son of a bitch"; "a gambling fool"; "sporting gents and their ladies" (同)betting, card-playing, sporting
2. live a life of pleasure, especially with respect to alcoholic consumption

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 道楽(酒色)にふけった,ふしだらな;大散財の
2. 〈軍勢・霧・雲など〉‘を'散らす / 〈心配・恐怖など〉‘を'消し去る,晴らす / 〈金・精力など〉‘を'浪費する / 〈軍勢・霧・心配などが〉消散(消失)する,消える / 放蕩(ほうとう)する

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/11/15 09:24:16」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Dissipation is the result of irreversible processes that take place in inhomogeneous thermodynamic systems. A dissipative process is a process in which energy (internal, bulk flow kinetic, or system potential) is transformed from some initial form to some final form; the capacity of the final form to do mechanical work is less than that of the initial form. For example, transfer of energy as heat is dissipative because it is a transfer of internal energy from a hotter body to a colder one. The second law of thermodynamics, which states that the entropy of a system never decreases, implies that this reduces the capacity of the combination of the two bodies to do mechanical work.

Thermodynamic dissipative processes are essentially irreversible. They produce entropy at a finite rate. In a process in which the temperature is locally continuously defined, the local density of rate of entropy production times local temperature gives the local density of dissipated power.

Important examples of irreversible processes are:

1. Heat flow through a thermal resistance
2. Fluid flow through a flow resistance
3. Diffusion (mixing)
4. Chemical reactions
5. Electrical current flow through an electrical resistance (Joule heating).

The concept of dissipation was introduced in the field of thermodynamics by William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) in 1852. Lord Kelvin deduced that a subset of the above mentioned irreversible dissaptive processes will occur unless a process is governed by a "perfect thermodynamic engine". The processes that Lord Kelvin identified were friction, diffusion, conduction of heat and the absorption of light.

A particular occasion of occurrence of a dissipative process cannot be described by a single individual Hamiltonian formalism. A dissipative process requires a collection of admissible individual Hamiltonian descriptions, exactly which one describes the actual particular occurrence of the process of interest being unknown. This includes friction, and all similar forces that result in decoherency of energy—that is, conversion of coherent or directed energy flow into an indirected or more isotropic distribution of energy.

Waves or oscillations, lose energy over time, typically from friction or turbulence. In many cases the "lost" energy raises the temperature of the system. For example, a wave that loses amplitude is said to dissipate. The precise nature of the effects depends on the nature of the wave: an atmospheric wave, for instance, may dissipate close to the surface due to friction with the land mass, and at higher levels due to radiative cooling.

In computational physics, numerical dissipation (also known as "numerical diffusion") refers to certain side-effects that may occur as a result of a numerical solution to a differential equation. When the pure advection equation, which is free of dissipation, is solved by a numerical approximation method, the energy of the initial wave may be reduced in a way analogous to a diffusional process. Such a method is said to contain 'dissipation'. In some cases, "artificial dissipation" is intentionally added to improve the numerical stability characteristics of the solution.

A formal, mathematical definition of dissipation, as commonly used in the mathematical study of measure-preserving dynamical systems, is given in the article wandering set.

In water engineering

Dissipation is the process of converting mechanical energy of downward-flowing water into thermal and acoustical energy. Various devices are designed in streambeds to reduce the kinetic energy of flowing waters to reduce their erosive potential on banks and river bottoms. Very often these devices look like small waterfalls or cascades, where water flows vertically or over riprap to lose some of its kinetic energy.

See also

• Entropy production
• Flood control
• Two dimensional gas

References

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 頸部の疼痛や損傷がみられる小児期や思春期のアスリートへのアプローチ approach to the child or adolescent athlete with neck pain or injury
• 2. 代謝性アルカローシスの臨床症状および評価 clinical manifestations and evaluation of metabolic alkalosis
• 3. 代謝性アルカローシスの病因 pathogenesis of metabolic alkalosis
• 4. 精神病性特徴を伴う単極性大うつ病：維持療法および疾患経過 unipolar major depression with psychotic features maintenance treatment and course of illness
• 5. 成人における単極性うつ病：重度の難治性（再発性）うつ病のマネージメント unipolar depression in adults management of highly resistant refractory depression

English Journal

• Characterization of lipid oxidation in plant oils by micro-calorimetry.

• Dridi W1, Toutain J2, Sommier A2, Essafi W3, Gargouri M4, Leal-Calderon F5, Cansell M6.
• Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Apr 15;197(Pt A):709-13. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.11.040. Epub 2015 Nov 10.
• A new experimental device was developed, based on the measurement of the heat flux dissipated during chemical reactions. The technique was exploited for real time monitoring of lipid oxidation in plant oils. The thermopiles were used in adiabatic configuration in order to measure the entire heat flu
• PMID 26617007

• Chitosan films with improved tensile strength and toughness from N-acetyl-cysteine mediated disulfide bonds.

• Miles KB1, Ball RL2, Matthew HW3.
• Carbohydrate polymers.Carbohydr Polym.2016 Mar 30;139:1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.11.052. Epub 2015 Nov 22.
• To improve the mechanical properties of chitosan (Ct) materials without the use of cytotoxic crosslinkers, disulfide cross-linkable Ct was synthesized by grafting N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) to Ct using carbodiimide chemistry. Cast films of NAC-Ct conjugates were prepared with degrees of substitution (D
• PMID 26794940

• Variations in the fate and biological effects of sulfamethoxazole, norfloxacin and doxycycline in different vegetable-soil systems following manure application.

• Wang J1, Lin H2, Sun W2, Xia Y2, Ma J2, Fu J2, Zhang Z3, Wu H1, Qian M4.
• Journal of hazardous materials.J Hazard Mater.2016 Mar 5;304:49-57. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.10.038. Epub 2015 Oct 23.
• The fate of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), norfloxacin (NOR) and doxycycline (DOX) and their biological effects in radish and pakchoi culture systems were investigated. DOX dissipated more rapidly than SMZ and NOR, while radish and pakchoi cultivation increased the removal of residual DOX in soils. Dissipa
• PMID 26546703

• Enantioselective degradation and chiral stability of the herbicide fluazifop-butyl in soil and water.

• Qi Y1, Liu D1, Luo M1, Jing X1, Wang P1, Zhou Z2.
• Chemosphere.Chemosphere.2016 Mar;146:315-22. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.12.040. Epub 2015 Dec 28.
• The stereoselective degradation and transformation of the enantiomers of the herbicide fluazifop-butyl in soil and water were studied to investigate the environmental behavior and chiral stability of the optical pure product. Its main chiral metabolite fluazifop was also monitored. LC/MS/MS with Chi
• PMID 26735732

Japanese Journal

• Characterization of surface dielectric barrier discharge influenced by intermediate frequency for ozone production

• Plasma Sources Science and Technology 25(3), 35012-35023, 2016-06-01
• NAID 120005743888

• Evaluation of rainfall erosivity and impact forces using strain gauges

• 国際低平地研究協会誌 17(4), 207-217, 2016
• NAID 130005164373

• 新築臭の原因と模型実験の妥当性の確認:におい識別装置を用いた新築時における室内におい環境の測定・評価方法に関する研究　その1

• 日本建築学会環境系論文集 81(723), 439-446, 2016
• NAID 130005153646

• 大小様々な液状化ひずみ履歴を与えた複数回液状化試験と消散エネルギーを用いた分析

• 土木学会論文集A1（構造・地震工学） 72(4), I_167-I_176, 2016
• NAID 130005152706

Related Links

• Dissipate | Define Dissipate at Dictionary.com

dissipate dissipated dissipater dissipates dissipating dissipation dissipation trail dissipative dissipative system dissociable dissocial dissociate dissociated anesthesia dissociated nystagmus dissociated press dissociation ...

• Dissipated - definition of dissipated by The Free Dictionary

dis·si·pat·ed (dĭs′ə-pā′tĭd) adj. 1. Intemperate in the pursuit of pleasure; dissolute. 2. Wasted or squandered. 3. Irreversibly lost. Used of energy. dis′si·pat′ed·ly adv. dis′si·pat′ed·ness n. dissipated (ˈdɪsɪˌpeɪtɪd) adj 1. indulging ...

• Dissipate - definition of dissipate by The Free Dictionary

dis·si·pate (dĭs′ə-pāt′) v. dis·si·pat·ed, dis·si·pat·ing, dis·si·pates v.tr. 1. a. To break apart or attenuate to the point of disappearing: The wind finally dissipated the smoke. See Synonyms at scatter. b. To drive away; cause to vanish: a discovery that dissipated his doubts.

Related Pictures

---

★リンクテーブル★

関連記事	「dissipate」

「dissipate」

　　[★]

• 散逸する

関

dissipation、dissipative