- 関
- diencephalon
WordNet
- the posterior division of the forebrain; connects the cerebral hemispheres with the mesencephalon (同)interbrain, betweenbrain, thalmencephalon
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2017/08/28 23:48:15」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Diencephalon |
Mesial aspect of a brain sectioned in the median sagittal plane.
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Details |
Identifiers |
Latin |
diencephalon |
MeSH |
A08.186.211.730.385 |
Code |
TH H3.11.03.5.00001 |
NeuroNames |
hier-271 |
NeuroLex ID |
Diencephalon |
TA |
A14.1.03.007
A14.1.08.001 |
FMA |
62001 |
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
[edit on Wikidata]
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The diencephalon of the brain consists of structures that are lateral to the third ventricle, and includes the thalamus, the hypothalamus, the epithalamus and the subthalamus.
The diencephalon is one of the main vesicles of the brain formed during embryogenesis. During the third week of development a neural tube is created from the ectoderm - one of the three primary germ layers. The tube forms three main vesicles during the third week of development - the prosencephalon, the mesencephalon and the rhombencephlaon. The prosencephlon gradually divides into the telencephalon and the diencephalon.
Contents
- 1 Structure
- 2 Function
- 3 Additional images
- 4 See also
- 5 References
- 6 External links
Structure
Location of the Diencephalon (red).
The diencephalon consists of the following structures:
- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus including the Neurohypophysis
- Epithalamus which consists of
- Anterior and Posterior Paraventricular nuclei
- Medial and lateral Habenular nuclei
- Stria medullaris thalami
- Posterior commissure
- Pineal body
Attachments
The optic nerve (CNII) attaches to the diencephalon. The optic nerve is a sensory (afferent) nerve responsible for vision; it runs from the eye through the optic canal in the skull and attaches to the diencephalon. The retina itself is derived from the optic cup, a part of the embryonic diencephalon.
Function
The diencephalon is the region of the embryonic vertebrate neural tube that gives rise to anteriorforebrain structures including the thalamus, hypothalamus, posterior portion of the pituitary gland, and pineal gland. The hypothalamus performs numerous vital functions, most of which relating directly or indirectly to the regulation of visceral activities by way of other brain regions and the autonomic nervous system.
Additional images
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Diagram depicting the main subdivisions of the embryonic vertebrate brain. These regions will later differentiate into forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain structures.
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Reconstruction of peripheral nerves of a human embryo of 10.2 mm. (Label for Diencephalon is at left.)
See also
- Diencephalic syndrome
- List of regions in the human brain
References
This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)
External links
- Stained brain slice images which include the "diencephalon" at the BrainMaps project
- NIF Search - Diencephalon via the Neuroscience Information Framework
Nervous system
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Central nervous system |
- Meninges
- Spinal cord
- Brain
- Rhombencephalon
- Midbrain
- Forebrain
- Limbic system
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Peripheral nervous system |
Somatic |
- Sensory nerve
- Motor nerve
- Cranial nerve
- Spinal nerve
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Autonomic |
- Sympathetic
- Parasympathetic
- Enteric
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Anatomy of the diencephalon of the human brain
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Epithalamus |
Surface |
- Pineal gland
- Habenula
- Habenular trigone
- Habenular commissure
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Grey matter |
- Pretectal area
- Habenular nuclei
- Subcommissural organ
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Thalamus |
Surface |
- Stria medullaris of thalamus
- Thalamic reticular nucleus
- Taenia thalami
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Grey matter/
nuclei |
- paired: AN
- Ventral
- Lateral
- Metathalamus
- midline: MD
- Intralaminar
- Midline nuclear group
- Interthalamic adhesion
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White matter |
- Mammillothalamic fasciculus
- Pallidothalamic tracts
- Ansa lenticularis
- Lenticular fasciculus
- Thalamic fasciculus
- PCML
- Medial lemniscus
- Trigeminal lemniscus
- Spinothalamic tract
- Lateral lemniscus
- Dentatothalamic tract
- Acoustic radiation
- Optic radiation
- Subthalamic fasciculus
- Anterior trigeminothalamic tract
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Hypothalamus |
Surface |
- Median eminence/Tuber cinereum
- Mammillary body
- Infundibulum
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Grey matter |
Autonomic zones |
- Anterior (parasympathetic/heat loss)
- Posterior (sympathetic/heat conservation)
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Endocrine |
- posterior pituitary: Paraventricular
- Magnocellular neurosecretory cell
- Parvocellular neurosecretory cell
- Supraoptic
- other: Arcuate (dopamine/GHRH)
- Preoptic (GnRH)
- Suprachiasmatic (melatonin)
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Emotion |
- Lateral
- Ventromedial
- Dorsomedial
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White matter |
- afferent
- Medial forebrain bundle
- Retinohypothalamic tract
- efferent
- Mammillothalamic fasciculus
- Stria terminalis
- Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
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Pituitary |
- Posterior is diencephalon, but anterior is glandular
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Subthalamus |
- Subthalamic nucleus
- Zona incerta
- Nuclei campi perizonalis (Fields of Forel)
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Serotonin 1A receptor (5-HT1A) of the sea lamprey: cDNA cloning and expression in the central nervous system.
- Cornide-Petronio ME, Anadón R, Barreiro-Iglesias A, Rodicio MC.SourceFaculty of Biology, Departamento de Biología Celular y Ecología, Edificio CIBUS, Campus Vida, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, CP. 15782, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain.
- Brain structure & function.Brain Struct Funct.2013 Sep;218(5):1317-35. doi: 10.1007/s00429-012-0461-y. Epub 2012 Oct 4.
- Serotonergic cells are among the earliest neurons to be born in the developing central nervous system and serotonin is known to regulate the development of the nervous system. One of the major targets of the activity of serotonergic cells is the serotonin 1A receptor (5-HT1A), an ancestral archetypi
- PMID 23052550
- The ascl1a and dlx genes have a regulatory role in the development of GABAergic interneurons in the zebrafish diencephalon.
- Macdonald RB, Pollack JN, Debiais-Thibaud M, Heude E, Coffin Talbot J, Ekker M.SourceCenter for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1N 6N5.
- Developmental biology.Dev Biol.2013 Sep 1;381(1):276-85. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.05.025. Epub 2013 Jun 4.
- During development of the mouse forebrain interneurons, the Dlx genes play a key role in a gene regulatory network (GRN) that leads to the GABAergic phenotype. Here, we have examined the regulatory relationships between the ascl1a, dlx, and gad1b genes in the zebrafish forebrain. Expression of ascl1
- PMID 23747543
- A miniature microdrive for recording auditory evoked potentials from awake anurans.
- Mohammed HS, Radwan NM, Walkowiak W, Elsayed AA.SourceBiophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. haitham_sharaf@yahoo.com.
- General physiology and biophysics.Gen Physiol Biophys.2013 Sep;32(3):381-8. doi: 10.4149/gpb_2013032. Epub 2013 Jul 2.
- Electrical activity recording from the brains of awake animals is a corner stone in the study of the neurophysiological basis of behavior. To meet this need, a microelectrode driver suitable for the animal of interest has to be developed. In the present study a miniature microdrive was developed spe
- PMID 23817637
Japanese Journal
- SIADHを伴い,脳内脱髄様病変を認めた抗NMDA受容体抗体陽性髄膜脳炎の1例
- SIADHを伴い,脳内脱髄様病変を認めた抗NMDA受容体抗体陽性髄膜脳炎の1例
- Pediatric Optic Pathway/Hypothalamic Glioma
Related Links
- di·en·ceph·a·lon (d n-s f -l n , -l n). n. The posterior part of the forebrain that connects the midbrain with the cerebral hemispheres, encloses the third ventricle , and contains the thalamus and hypothalamus. Also called betweenbrain, interbrain, ...
- [edit] Organization. diencephalon. mid-diencephalic territory. prethalamus · zona limitans intrathalamica · thalamus · hypothalamus · epithalamus · pineal gland · metathalamus. [edit] Roles. The diencephalon is the region of the embryonic ...
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