出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/03/16 06:10:53」(JST)
| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
|---|---|
|
2-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro-ethane
|
|
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Metabolism | Not metabolized |
| Biological half-life | Elimination dependent on minute ventilation |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 57041-67-5 Y |
| ATC code | N01AB07 (WHO) |
| PubChem | CID 42113 |
| IUPHAR/BPS | 7156 |
| DrugBank | DB01189 Y |
| ChemSpider | 38403 Y |
| UNII | CRS35BZ94Q Y |
| KEGG | D00546 Y |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:4445 Y |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1200733 N |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C3H2F6O |
| Molar mass | 168.038 g/mol |
|
SMILES
|
|
|
InChI
|
|
| NY (what is this?) (verify) | |
Desflurane (1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether) is a highly fluorinated methyl ethyl ether used for maintenance of general anesthesia. Like halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane, it is a racemic mixture of (R) and (S) optical isomers (enantiomers). Together with sevoflurane, it is gradually replacing isoflurane for human use, except in economically undeveloped areas, where its high cost precludes its use. It has the most rapid onset and offset of the volatile anesthetic drugs used for general anesthesia due to its low solubility in blood.
Some drawbacks of desflurane are its low potency, its pungency and its high cost. It may cause tachycardia and airway irritability when administered at concentrations greater than 10 vol%. Due to this airway irritability, desflurane is infrequently used to induce anesthesia via inhalation techniques.
Though it vaporises very readily, it is a liquid at room temperature. Anaesthetic machines are fitted with a specialized anaesthetic vaporiser unit that heats liquid desflurane to a constant temperature. This enables the agent to be available at a constant vapor pressure, negating the effects fluctuating ambient temperatures would otherwise have on its concentration imparted into the fresh gas flow of the anesthesia machine.
Desflurane, along with enflurane and to a lesser extent isoflurane, has been shown to react with the carbon dioxide absorbent in anesthesia circuits to produce detectable levels of carbon monoxide through degradation of the anesthetic agent. The CO2 absorbent Baralyme, when dried, is most culpable for the production of carbon monoxide from desflurane degradation, although it is also seen with soda lime absorbent as well. Dry conditions in the carbon dioxide absorbent are conducive to this phenomenon, such as those resulting from high fresh gas flows.[1]
Desflurane is known to act as a positive allosteric modulator of the GABAA and glycine receptors,[2][3] and as a negative allosteric modulator of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor,[4][5] as well as affecting other ligand-gated ion channels.[6][7]
| Boiling point : | 23.5 °C or 74.3 °F | (at 1 atm) | |
| Density : | 1.465 g/cm³ | (at 20 °C) | |
| Molecular Weight : | 168 | ||
| Vapor pressure: | 88.5 kPa | 672 mmHg | (at 20 °C) |
| 107 kPa | 804 mmHg | (at 24 °C) | |
| Blood:Gas partition coefficient: | 0.42 | ||
| Oil:Gas partition coefficient : | 19 | ||
| MAC : | 6 vol % |
Desflurane is not a greenhouse gas. Anesthesia gases used globally contribute the equivalent of 1 million cars to global warming.[8] The twenty-year global-warming potential, GWP(20), for desflurane is 3714,[9] meaning that one tonne of desflurane emitted is equivalent to 3714 tonnes of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, much higher than sevoflurane or isoflurane. Taking into account the different amounts typically used in 1 hour of anesthesia (1 minimal alveolar concentration-hour), desflurane causes equivalent potential of contributing to global warming as sevoflurane.[10]
A recent clinical study found that desflurane has lower bispectral index and greater hypnotic effect than sevoflurane during the equipotent anesthesia.[11][contradictory]
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.
| リンク元 | 「デスフルラン」 |