WordNet

lay bare; "denude a forest" (同)bare, denudate, strip
the removal of covering (同)stripping, uncovering, baring, husking
removal of the outer covering of an organ or part

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…‘を'裸にする;(物を)〈人・物〉‘から'はぎ取る《+『名』+『of』+『名』》
〈U〉皮むき / 《複数形で》(野菜・果物,特にジャガイもの)むいた皮

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/13 04:02:41」(JST)

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Schematic illustration of regional denudation for felsic alkaline intrusive rock bodies of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Cabo Frio Island and Itaúna Body.

In geology, denudation is the long-term sum of processes that cause the wearing away of the Earth’s surface leading to a reduction in elevation and relief of landforms and landscapes. Endogenous processes such as volcanoes, earthquakes, and plate tectonics uplift and expose continental crust to the exogenous denudation processes of weathering, erosion, and mass wasting.

Processes

Denudation incorporates the mechanical, biological and chemical processes of erosion, weathering and mass wasting. Denudation can involve the removal of both solid particles and dissolved material. These include sub-processes of cryofracture, insolation weathering, slaking, salt weathering, bioturbation and anthropogenic impacts.^[1]

Factors affecting denudation include:

Surface topography
Geology
Climate (most directly in chemical weathering)
Tectonic activity
Biosphere
Anthropogenic activity

Rates

Modern denudation estimates are usually based on stream load measurements taken at gauging stations. Suspended load, bed load, and dissolved load are included in measurements. The weight of the load is converted to volumetric units and the load volume is divided by the area of the watershed above the gaging station. The result is an estimate of the wearing down of the Earth's surface in inches or centimeters per 1000 years.^[2] In most cases no adjustments are made for human impact, which causes the measurements to be inflated.^[3]

Denudation rates are usually much lower than the rates of uplift. The only areas at which there could be equal rates of denudation and uplift are active plate margins with an extended period of continuous deformation.^[4]

Proposed cycles

Early studies prompted the formation of denudation cycle hypotheses to describe land formations. Although at present they are mostly discounted, many of these models are enduring due to their simplicity and seemingly obvious assumptions.

In the 1890s W. M. Davis proposed a cycle of 'wearing down' in which so called 'young' landscapes had high gradients and elevations, and waning, low elevation topography through middle age to old age. Landscapes of Britain and Wales were thought to reflect these multiple peneplanation and rejuvenation cycles, such as the 3,000-foot remnant summit plateau in North Wales. A number of assumptions of fluvial and glacial dynamics in temperate areas were made in the formation of this model.

Such theories were proposed before tectonic theory was largely understood, and therefore are now largely discredited.

Volcanic landforms

A) Villarica Volcano, Chile, a volcano without effects of erosion and denudation
B) Chachahén Volcano, Mendoza, Argentina, a volcano with strong effect of erosion but no denudation

C) Cardiel Lake, Santa Cruz, Argentina, a volcanic area under strong effect of denudation, exposing subvolcanic rock body.^[5]

Denudation exposes deep sub-volcanic structures on the present surface of the area where volcanic activity once occurred. Sub-volcanic structures such as neck and dyke (volcanic vent) are exposed by denudation.

Medical use

In medicine, denudation refers to the loss of surface layers, such as the epithelium.

References

^ Smithson, P et al (2008) Fundamentals of the Physical Environment (4th ed.)
^ Ritter, D.F. 1967. Rates of denudation. Jour. Geol. Educ. 15, C.E.G.S. short rev. 6:154-59
^ Judson, S. 1968. Erosion of the land. Am. Scientist 56:356-74
^ Burbank, D.W., and Beck, R.A. 1991. Rapid long term rates of denudation. Geology 19:1169-72
^ Motoki, Akihisa; Sichel, Susanna. Avaliação de aspectos texturais e estruturais de corpos vulcânicos e subvulcânicos e sua relação com oambiente de cristalização, com base em exemplos do Brasil, Argentina e Chile (PDF) (in Portuguese).

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Long-term effect of phytoestrogens from Curcuma comosa Roxb. on vascular relaxation in ovariectomized rats.

Intapad S, Saengsirisuwan V, Prasannarong M, Chuncharunee A, Suvitayawat W, Chokchaisiri R, Suksamrarn A, Piyachaturawat P.SourceDepartment of Physiology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand 10400.
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Prospective speech outcome study in patients with soft palate reconstruction in tonsillar cancer.

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Japanese Journal

脳動脈瘤手術の工夫(<特集>脳動脈瘤手術update)

波出石弘,鈴木明文,師井淳太
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… In a "denude technique," a wide surgical field can be obtained with less retraction of the frontal lobe by detaching the arachnoid membrane from the sylvian vein and thus allowing venous extension. …
NAID 110004812228

頭蓋咽頭腫の手術(<特集>頭蓋咽頭腫)

藤津和彦
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頭蓋咽頭腫の中でも鞍上部に存在する実質性の大きな腫瘍の全摘術は特に難しい.手術を難しくしている最も大きな要因は,内頸動脈,後交通動脈とその穿通枝,および視神経が腫瘍付着部の直視下操作を防げることにある.このために視床下部,下垂体柄週辺の穿通枝を腫瘍から直視下に剥離できずに,本来の腫瘍付着部以上の大きな損傷を加えてしまうからである.従来の手術法,すなわちpterional approachとinte …
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豪雪と雪崩災害 (日本の雪氷研究)

山田穣
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… Comparisons of simulations of internal frozen in field moving observations revealed that the wet granular snow can be freezed at some situations.<BR>Avalanches denude and take in the snow in the steep slope, and sedimentation starts at the gentle slope. …
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実験的中耳真珠腫と骨破壊

白幡雄一,アブラムソンマクスエル
日本耳鼻咽喉科学会会報 84(11), 1451-1459, 1981
… Skin and in-flammatory agents such as carrageenan and epithelial debris were applied to the middle ear in various combination to induce growing epidermal sacs or cyst and bone resorption, and followed for one to four months.In the first of three groups in which canal skin explants were placed on the denude cochlea, the cyst rate was thirty-six percent in 25 animals without carrageenan on flap and forty-six percent in 22 animals with carrageenan on flap, being the highest incidence in these experiments. …
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