脱顆粒
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/24 16:03:23」(JST)
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The degranulation process in a Mast cell. 1 = antigen; 2 = IgE; 3 = FcεRI; 4 = preformed mediators (histamine, proteases, chemokines, heparin); 5 = granules; 6 - Mast cell; 7 - newly formed mediators (prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, platelet-activating factor)
Degranulation is a cellular process that releases antimicrobial cytotoxic molecules from secretory vesicles called granules found inside some cells. It is used by several different cells involved in the immune system, including granulocytes (neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils) and mast cells. It is also used by certain lymphocytes such as natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T cells, whose main purpose is to destroy invading microorganisms.
Contents
- 1 Mast cells
- 2 Eosinophils
- 3 Neutrophils
- 4 Cytotoxic T cells and NK cells
- 5 See also
- 6 External links
- 7 References
Mast cells
Antigens interact with IgE molecules already bound to high affinity Fc receptors on the surface of mast cells to induce degranulation. The mast cell releases a mixture of compounds, including histamine, proteoglycans, serotonin, and serine proteases from its cytoplasmic granules.[1]
Eosinophils
In a similar mechanism, activated eosinophils release preformed mediators such as major basic protein, and enzymes such as peroxidase, following interaction between their Fc receptors and IgE molecules that are bound to large parasites like helminths.[2][3]
Neutrophils
Four kinds of granules exist in neutrophils that display differences in content and regulation. Secretory vesicles are the most likely to release their contents by degranulation, followed by gelatinase granules, specific granules, and azurophil granules.[4] [5]
Cytotoxic T cells and NK cells
Cytotoxic T cells and NK cells release molecules like perforin and granzymes by a process of directed exocytosis to kill infected target cells.[6]
See also
External links
- Cell Degranulation at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
References
- ^ Yamasaki S, Saito T (2005). "Regulation of mast cell activation through FcepsilonRI". Chem Immunol Allergy. Chemical Immunology and Allergy 87: 22–31. doi:10.1159/000087568. ISBN 3-8055-7948-9. PMID 16107760.
- ^ David J, Butterworth A, Vadas M (1980). "Mechanism of the interaction mediating killing of Schistosoma mansoni by human eosinophils". Am J Trop Med Hyg 29 (5): 842–8. PMID 7435788.
- ^ Capron M, Soussi Gounni A, Morita M, Truong M, Prin L, Kinet J, Capron A (1995). "Eosinophils: from low- to high-affinity immunoglobulin E receptors". Allergy 50 (25 Suppl): 20–23. doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb04270.x. PMID 7677229.
- ^ Faurschou M, Borregaard N (2003). "Neutrophil granules and secretory vesicles in inflammation". Microbes Infect 5 (14): 1317–1327. doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2003.09.008. PMID 14613775.
- ^ Lominadze G, Powell D, Luerman G, Link A, Ward R, McLeish K (2005). "Proteomic analysis of human neutrophil granules". Mol Cell Proteomics 4 (10): 1503–1521. doi:10.1074/mcp.M500143-MCP200. PMID 15985654.
- ^ Veugelers K, Motyka B, Frantz C, Shostak I, Sawchuk T, Bleackley R (2004). "The granzyme B-serglycin complex from cytotoxic granules requires dynamin for endocytosis". Blood 103 (10): 3845–3853. doi:10.1182/blood-2003-06-2156. PMID 14739229.
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Membrane transport
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Mechanisms for chemical transport through biological membranes
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| Passive transport |
- Diffusion (Facilitated diffusion)
- Osmosis
- Uniporter
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| Active transport |
- Primary active transport
- Secondary active transport
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| Cytosis |
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Endocytosis
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- Efferocytosis
- Non-specific, adsorptive pinocytosis
- Phagocytosis
- Pinocytosis
- Potocytosis
- Receptor-mediated endocytosis
- Transcytosis
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Exocytosis
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Degranulation
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Index of cells
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| Description |
- Structure
- Organelles
- peroxisome
- cytoskeleton
- centrosome
- epithelia
- cilia
- mitochondria
- Membranes
- Membrane transport
- ion channels
- vesicular transport
- solute carrier
- ABC transporters
- ATPase
- oxidoreduction-driven
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| Disease |
- Structural
- peroxisome
- cytoskeleton
- cilia
- mitochondria
- nucleus
- scleroprotein
- Membrane
- channelopathy
- solute carrier
- ATPase
- ABC transporters
- other
- extracellular ligands
- cell surface receptors
- intracellular signalling
- Vesicular transport
- Pore-forming toxins
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Class I Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Exerts a Differential Role on Cell Survival and Cell Trafficking in Retina.
- Azadi S1, Brush RS2, Anderson RE3, Rajala RV4.
- Advances in experimental medicine and biology.Adv Exp Med Biol.2016;854:363-9. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-17121-0_48.
- Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are a family of lipid kinases that phosphorylates the 3'OH of the inositol ring of phosphoinositides. They are responsible for coordinating a diverse range of cell functions including proliferation, cell survival, degranulation, vesicular trafficking, and cell migr
- PMID 26427433
- Tim-3 pathway affects NK cell impairment in patients with active tuberculosis.
- Wang F1, Hou H2, Wu S3, Tang Q4, Huang M5, Yin B6, Huang J7, Liu W8, Mao L9, Lu Y10, Sun Z11.
- Cytokine.Cytokine.2015 Dec;76(2):270-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.05.012. Epub 2015 Jun 4.
- Active tuberculosis (TB) patients show impaired NK cell function, and the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. In this study, we confirmed the decrease in activation, cytokine secretion, and degranulation potential of NK cells in active TB patients. We further investigated whether coinhibit
- PMID 26050547
- Attenuated platelet aggregation in patients with septic shock is independent from the activity state of myosin light chain phosphorylation or a reduction in Rho kinase-dependent inhibition of myosin light chain phosphatase.
- Reddi BA1, Iannella SM, O'Connor SN, Deane AM, Willoughby SR, Wilson DP.
- Intensive care medicine experimental.Intensive Care Med Exp.2015 Dec;3(1):37. doi: 10.1186/s40635-014-0037-7. Epub 2015 Feb 12.
- BACKGROUND: Impaired coagulation contributes to the morbidity and mortality associated with septic shock. Whether abnormal platelet contraction adds to the bleeding tendency is unknown. Platelets contract when Ca(2+)-dependent myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) phosphorylates Ser19 of myosin light cha
- PMID 26215804
Japanese Journal
- Food and Natural Materials Target Mechanisms to Effectively Regulate Allergic Responses (Nutrition and Food for Longevity : For the Well-Being of All : Proceedings of the 12th Asian Congress of Nutrition)
- SHIN Hee Soon,SHON Dong-Hwa
- Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology 61(Suppl.), S109-111, 2015-05
- NAID 40020444322
- プロスタグランジンによる皮膚マスト細胞の成熟と活性化
- 膜 40(1), 29-37, 2015
- … This is called "degranulation",but the process and mechanism are still controversial. … Tovisualize degranulation, various and unique imaging methods have been investigated by many researchers. …
- NAID 130005069457
Related Links
- degranulation 【名】《生物》脱顆粒 - アルクがお届けする進化するオンライン英和・和英辞書データベース。一般的な単語や連語から、イディオム、専門用語、スラングまで幅広く収録。
- Mast cells are releasing granules that have been stored in their cytoplasms, this phenomenon called the degranulation. They exist in mucosal and connective tissues throughout the whole body. Around the ...
- Les mastocytes sont des cellules présentes dans les tissus conjonctifs, la moëlle osseuse, la rate et les ganglions lymphatiques. Ils produisent plusieurs médiateurs physiologiques tels que l'histamine. La dégranulation des ...
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