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remove the cerebrum from (a human body)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/11/14 08:21:34」(JST)

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For decerebrate response, see abnormal posturing.

Decerebration is the elimination of cerebral brain function in an animal by removing the cerebrum, cutting across the brain stem, or severing certain arteries in the brain stem.

Decerebration describes the ligation along the neural axis in distinct parts of the brain in experimental animals. Generally lower decerebration (the cut is made above the upper border of the pons), middle decerebration (cut is made through the red nucleus) and upper decerebration (cut is made so the cortical area is removed). As a result the animal abolishes certain reflexes which are integrated in different parts of the brain. Furthermore the reflexes which are functional will be hyperreactive (and therefore very accentuated) due to the removal of inhibiting higher brain centers (e.g. the facilitatory area of the reticular formation will not receive regulating input from cerebellum, basal ganglia and the cortex).

Lower decerebration results in a "Bulbospinal" animal: Reflexes which are integrated within the spinal cord and medulla oblongata are functional, reflexes integrated in midbrain and cortex are absent.

The most obvious accentuation is seen in the tonic labyrinthine reflexes, the otholitic organ mediates input about the gravitational force exerted on the body and the labyrinthine reflex acts on the extensor muscles in order to resist this gravitational force. In an animal where the cortical areas or the midbrain have been "cut off" from the neural axis, this reflex is hyperactive and the animal will maximally extend all four limbs. This phenomenon is known as decerebrate rigidity. In humans true decerebrate rigidty is rare since the damage to the brain centers it might be caused by usually are lethal. However decorticate rigidity can be caused by bleeding in the internal capsule which causes damage to upper motor neurons. The symptoms of decorticate rigidity are flexion in the upper limbs and extension in the lower limbs.

References[edit]

Lange "Review of Medical Physiology", 22nd edition, pp. 202,ff
Guyton and Hall "Textbook of Medical Physiology" 12th Edition.

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English Journal

Changes in the frequency of swallowing during electrical stimulation of superior laryngeal nerve in rats.

Tsuji K1, Tsujimura T2, Magara J3, Sakai S4, Nakamura Y5, Inoue M6.
Brain research bulletin.Brain Res Bull.2014 Dec 24;111C:53-61. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2014.12.008. [Epub ahead of print]
The aim of the present study was to investigate the adaptation of the swallowing reflex in terms of reduced swallowing reflex initiation following continuous superior laryngeal nerve stimulation. Forty-four male Sprague Dawley rats were anesthetized with urethane. To identify swallowing, electromyog
PMID 25542096

Spinal cord GABA receptors modulate the exercise pressor reflex in decerebrate rats.

Wang HJ1, Wang W, Patel KP, Rozanski GJ, Zucker IH.
American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology.Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol.2013 Jul 1;305(1):R42-9. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00140.2013. Epub 2013 May 1.
Neurotransmitters and neuromodulators released by contraction-activated skeletal muscle afferents into the dorsal horn of the spinal cord initiate the central component of the exercise pressor reflex (EPR). Whether γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a major inhibitory neurotransmitter within the mammalian
PMID 23637133

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)--a rare complication of falciparum malaria.

Rachita S1, Satyasundar M, Mrutunjaya D, Birakishore R.
Indian journal of pediatrics.Indian J Pediatr.2013 Jun;80(6):499-501. doi: 10.1007/s12098-012-0814-9. Epub 2012 Jun 15.
A 4-y-old girl was admitted with fever and altered sensorium. Peripheral blood smear and quantified buffy coat test showed Plasmodium falciparum infection. She received antimalarial therapy and got discharged on seventh day without any neurological deficit. Seven days later she was readmitted with f
PMID 22700387

Japanese Journal

Effects of NK_1 and NMDA Receptor Antagonists on Severe Gagging Induced by Superior Laryngeal Nerve Stimulation in Rats

Yamagata Ryuzo,Koga Tomoshige
Kawasaki journal of medical welfare 16(1), 1-8, 2010
Severe gagging, which is considered to be one of the emetic responses, prevents food bolus from being lodged in the pharyngo-laryngeal region. Little is known about the neuronal mechanism of severe ga …
NAID 110007807851

Neuroendocrine Roles of the Brain in the Regulation of 20-Hydroxyecdysone Responsiveness in Two Types of Diapause Pupae of the Cabbage Armyworm, Mamestra brassicae(Endocrinology)

Islam A. T. M. Fayezul,Nankaku Nami,Marui Yukie,Shahjahan Reza,Kong Weihua,Yamanaka Akira,Endo Katsuhiko
Zoological science 22(7), 775-781, 2005-07-25
… The role of the brain in the regulation of diapause-strength was studied through the decerebration and brain-reimplantation of WD- and AD-pupae. …
NAID 110006281854