dashboard

Dashboard
開発元	アップル
最新版	1.8 / 2011年7月20日
対応OS	Mac OS X v10.4〜Mac OS X v10.8
種別	Widget engine
公式サイト	apple.com/jp
	テンプレートを表示

WordNet

instrument panel on an automobile or airplane containing dials and controls (同)fascia

PrepTutorEJDIC

(自動車・飛行機の)計器盤 / (車の)泥よけ,(船の)波よけ

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/26 05:27:09」(JST)

wiki ja

[Wiki ja表示]

この項目では、Mac OS X の機能について説明しています。その他のダッシュボードについては「ダッシュボード」をご覧ください。

Dashboard（ダッシュボード）は、アップルのMac OS X v10.4以降に付属している、ウィジェット (Widgets) と呼ばれる小さなアプリケーションを表示するための環境である。作業中に任意の操作を行う（デフォルトではF12キーおよびマウスの第3ボタンに割り当てられている）ことによって、画面がDashboardと呼ばれる半透明のレイヤーに覆われ、ウィジェットが表示される。ウィジェットはこまごまとした作業を素早くできるような単機能のソフトウェアである。

ウィジェット

デフォルトで添付されている、アドレスブック、カレンダー、計算機、iTunesコントローラなどのウィジェットに加え、さまざまなウィジェットを簡単に追加することができる。追加方法はDashboardの画面もしくはウィジェットをダブルクリックすることでも可能である。

ウィジェットの開発には、HTML、CSS、JavaScriptを用いる。開発が容易なため、多数のウィジェットが配布されている。アップルは、サードパーティーが開発したソフトウェアの登録を受付け、自身のウェブサイトで配布している。

あらかじめ導入されているウィジェット

Business
ESPN
Flight tracker
Google
iCal
iTunes
Movies
People
Stocks
Weather
Web クリップ
アドレスブック
スティッキーズ
タイルゲーム
計算機
辞書
世界時計
単位換算
翻訳

Konfabulator

Dashboardが発表される以前、Mac OS Xでは、Konfabulatorというシェアウェアのウィジェットエンジンが配布されていた。Konfabulator は、XML、CSS、JavaScriptといった技術を用いたウィジェットエンジンで、作業中のデスクトップにウィジェットを配置して使用するものだった。Dashboardそのものは、 Mac OS X v10.3から搭載されたウィンドウ一覧表示機能Exposéの拡張であり、ウィジェットは普段は隠れている点がKonfabulatorと異なる。またJavaScript制御のパッケージはSherlock 3の後続技術である。Konfabulatorの開発者はその類似性に抗議し、アップルはオリジナルであることを主張した。後にKonfabulatorは米ヤフーに買収され、Yahoo! Widgetsとして配布されている。

外部リンク

Apple Dashboardデベロッパ用ページ
DashboardWidgets.com デベロッパ、ユーザのためのコミュニティ
Wikipedia Widget Wikipediaをウィジェットで
Widgetown ウィジェット情報ポータル

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

The dashboard of a Bentley Continental GTC car

A Suzuki Hayabusa motorcycle dash

Dashboard instruments displaying various car and engine conditions

Carriage dashboard

A dashboard (also called dash, instrument panel, or fascia) is a control panel placed in front of the driver of an automobile, housing instrumentation and controls for operation of the vehicle.

The word originally applied to a barrier of wood or leather fixed at the front of a horse-drawn carriage or sleigh to protect the driver from mud or other debris "dashed up" (thrown up) by the horses' hooves.^[1]

Dashboard items

Items located on the dashboard at first included the steering wheel and the instrument cluster. The instrument cluster pictured to the right contains gauges such as a speedometer, tachometer, odometer and fuel gauge, and indicators such as gearshift position, seat belt warning light, parking-brake-engagement warning light^[2] and an engine-malfunction light. There may also be indicators for low fuel, low oil pressure, low tire pressure and faults in the airbag (SRS) system. Heating and ventilation controls and vents, lighting controls, audio equipment and automotive navigation systems are also mounted on the dashboard.

The top of a dashboard may contain vents for the heating and air conditioning system and speakers for an audio system. A glove compartment is commonly located on the passenger's side. There may also be an ashtray and a cigarette lighter which can provide a power outlet for other low-voltage appliances.

Padding and safety

In 1937, Chrysler, Dodge, DeSoto, and Plymouth cars came with a safety dashboard that was flat, raised above knee height, and had all the controls mounted flush.^[3]

Padded dashboards were advocated in the 1930s by car safety pioneer Claire L. Straith.^[4] In 1948, the Tucker became the first car with a padded dashboard.^[5]

One of the safety enhancements of the 1970s was the widespread adoption of padded dashboards. The padding is commonly polyurethane foam, while the surface is commonly either polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or leather in the case of luxury models.

In the early and mid-1990s, airbags became a standard feature of steering wheels and dashboards.

Fashion in instrumentation

Stylised dashboard from a 1980s Lancia Beta

In the 1940s through the 1960s, American car manufacturers and their imitators designed unusually-shaped instruments on a dashboard laden with chrome and transparent plastic, which could be less readable, but was often thought to be more stylish. Sunlight could cause a bright glare on the chrome, particularly for a convertible.

With the coming of the LED in consumer electronics, some manufacturers used instruments with digital readouts to make their cars appear more up to date, but this has faded from practice. Some cars use a head-up display to project the speed of the car onto the windscreen in imitation of fighter aircraft, but in a far less complex display.

In recent years, spurred on by the growing aftermarket use of dash kits, many automakers have taken the initiative to add more stylistic elements to their dashboards. One prominent example of this is the Chevrolet Sonic which offers both exterior (e.g., a custom graphics package) and interior cosmetic upgrades.^[6] In addition to OEM dashboard trim and upgrades a number of companies offer domed polyurethane or vinyl applique dash trim accent kits or "dash kits."

Manufacturers such as BMW, Honda, Toyota and Mercedes-Benz have included fuel-economy gauges in some instrument clusters, showing fuel mileage in real time. The ammeter was the gauge of choice for monitoring the state of the charging system until the 1970s. Later it was replaced by the voltmeter. Today most family vehicles have warning lights instead of voltmeters or oil pressure gauges in their dashboard instrument clusters, though sports cars often have proper gauges for performance purposes and driver appeasement.

References

^ "Dictionary entry for dashboard". Merriam–Webster. Retrieved 2006-10-11.
^ *Signal to Warn Driver that the Emergency Brake is Engaged, Popular Science monthly, February 1919, Unlabeled page, Scanned by Google Books: http://books.google.com/books?id=7igDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT3
^ http://www.oldcarbrochures.com/static/NA/Chrysler_and_Imperial/1937_Chrysler/1937_Chrysler_Royal-Imperial_Brochure/1937%20Chrysler%20Royal%20%20amp%20%20Imperial-31.html
^ Straith Clinic History
^ http://www.oldcarbrochures.com/static/NA/Tucker/album/album/1948%20Tucker-04.html
^ http://www.chevrolet.com/sonic-small-car/accessories.html

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Insights from staff nurses and managers on unit-specific nursing performance dashboards: a qualitative study.

Jeffs L, Beswick S, Lo J, Lai Y, Chhun A, Campbell H.
BMJ quality & safety.BMJ Qual Saf.2014 Dec;23(12):1001-6. doi: 10.1136/bmjqs-2013-002595. Epub 2014 Sep 5.
INTRODUCTION: Performance data can be used to monitor and guide interventions aimed at improving the quality and safety of patient care. To use performance data effectively, nurses need to understand how to interpret and use data in meaningful ways to guide practice. Dashboards are interactive compu
PMID 25193341

National survey of perineal trauma and its subsequent management in the United Kingdom.

Thiagamoorthy G1, Johnson A, Thakar R, Sultan AH.
International urogynecology journal.Int Urogynecol J.2014 Dec;25(12):1621-7. doi: 10.1007/s00192-014-2406-x. Epub 2014 May 16.
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Perineal trauma affects approximately 350,000 women per annum in the United Kingdom (UK) and is associated with considerable morbidity. Symptoms are most severe following obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) compared with other grades of perineal trauma. The Royal C
PMID 24832856

Using Health Information Technology to Improve Adherence to Opioid Prescribing Guidelines in Primary Care.

Anderson D1, Zlateva I, Khatri K, Ciaburri N.
The Clinical journal of pain.Clin J Pain.2014 Nov 27. [Epub ahead of print]
OBJECTIVE:: To evaluate the impact of a clinical dashboard for opioid analgesic management on opioid prescribing and adherence to opioid practice guidelines in primary care.METHODS:: A pre/post implementation evaluation using electronic health record data from patients receiving chronic opioid thera
PMID 25411860

Japanese Journal

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日本教育工学会研究報告集 15(1), 177-182, 2015-02-28
NAID 40020397566

ファシリテーションの手法を用いたパス活動の活性化・推進

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日本クリニカルパス学会誌 = Journal of Japanese Society for Clinical Pathway 17(2), 155-160, 2015
NAID 40020507252

H-011 運転車両のダッシュボード透明化と車輪軌道の複合現実型提示(H分野:画像認識・メディア理解,一般論文)

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情報科学技術フォーラム講演論文集 13(3), 89-90, 2014-08-19
NAID 110009904695

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