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a sheet or band of fibrous connective tissue separating or binding together muscles and organs etc (同)facia

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(髪を束ねる)細ひも / 鼻隠(はなかくし)板(軒先のたる木の木口を隠す板)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/08 17:21:17」(JST)

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A fascia (/ˈfæʃə/, /ˈfæʃiə/; plural fasciae /ˈfæʃɨ.i/; adjective fascial; from Latin: "band") is connective tissue fibers, primarily collagen, that form sheets or bands beneath the skin to attach, stabilize, enclose, and separate muscles and other internal organs.^[1] Fasciae are classified according to their distinct layers, their functions and their anatomical location: superficial fascia, deep (or muscle) fascia, and visceral (or parietal) fascia.

Like ligaments, aponeuroses, and tendons, fasciae are dense regular connective tissues, containing closely packed bundles of collagen fibers oriented in a wavy pattern parallel to the direction of pull. Fasciae are consequently flexible structures able to resist great unidirectional tension forces until the wavy pattern of fibers has been straightened out by the pulling force. These collagen fibers are produced by the fibroblasts located within the fascia.^[1]

Fasciae are similar to ligaments and tendons as they have collagen as their major component. They differ in their location and function: ligaments join one bone to another bone, tendons join muscle to bone and fasciae surround muscles or other structures.

Structure

There exists some controversy about what structures are considered "fascia", and how fascia should be classified.^[2] The two most common systems are:

The one specified in the 1983 edition of Nomina Anatomica (NA 1983)
The one specified in the 1997 edition of Terminologia Anatomica (TA 1997)

NA 1983	TA 1997	Description	Example
Superficial fascia	(not considered fascia in this system)	This is found in the subcutis in most regions of the body, blending with the reticular layer of the dermis.^[3]	Fascia of Scarpa
Deep fascia	Fascia of muscles	This is the dense fibrous connective tissue that interpenetrates and surrounds the muscles, bones, nerves and blood vessels of the body.	Transversalis fascia
Visceral fascia	Visceral fascia, parietal fascia	This suspends the organs within their cavities and wraps them in layers of connective tissue membranes.	Pericardium

Function

Fasciae are normally thought of as passive structures that transmit mechanical tension generated by muscular activities or external forces throughout the body.

The function of muscle fasciae is to reduce friction of muscular force. In doing so, fasciae provide a supportive and movable wrapping for nerves and blood vessels as they pass through and between muscles.^[4]

Clinical significance

Fascia becomes important clinically when it loses stiffness, becomes too stiff or has decreased shearing ability.^[5] When inflammation or trauma causes fibrosis and adhesions, fascial tissue fails to differentiate the adjacent structures effectively. This can happen after surgery where the fascia has been incised and healing includes a scar that traverses the surrounding structures. A fasciotomy may be used to relieve compartment syndrome as a result of high pressure within an anatomical compartment created by fascia.

References

^ ^a ^b Marieb, Elaine Nicpon; Hoehn, Katja (2007). Human anatomy & physiology. Pearson Education. p. 133. ISBN 978-0-321-37294-9.
^ Committee on Anatomical Termi, Federative. Terminologia Anatomica: International Anatomical Terminology. Thieme Stuttgart. p. 33. ISBN 3-13-114361-4.
^ Skandalakis, John E.; Skandalakis, P.N.; Skandalakis, L.J.; Skandalakis, J. (2002). Surgical Anatomy and Technique, 2nd Ed. Atlanta, GA: Springer. pp. 1–2. ISBN 0-387-98752-5.
^ Faller, A.; Schuenke, M. (2004). The Human Body. Thieme Medical Publishers. p. 127.
^ PMID 24962403

External links

Fascia Research
lesson1layersofbody at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University)

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English Journal

Endoscopic resection of intranasal meningo-encephalocele accompanying meningioma.

Hsu CH1, Chang CF1, Tsai YL1, Chen MK2.
Auris, nasus, larynx.Auris Nasus Larynx.2014 Aug;41(4):392-5. doi: 10.1016/j.anl.2014.02.006. Epub 2014 Mar 12.
This paper aims to present the case of a 43-year-old woman diagnosed with a rare condition of meningoencephalocele that arose from a meningioma, and treated with endoscope-assisted transnasal tumor extirpation and repair of the skull base defect with tensor fascia lata flap. Endoscope-assisted opera
PMID 24630392

Model-based Iterative Reconstruction Compared to Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction and Filtered Back-projection in CT of the Kidneys and the Adjacent Retroperitoneum.

Olcott EW1, Shin LK2, Sommer G3, Chan I3, Rosenberg J3, Molvin FL3, Boas FE3, Fleischmann D3.
Academic radiology.Acad Radiol.2014 Jun;21(6):774-84. doi: 10.1016/j.acra.2014.02.012.
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To prospectively evaluate the perceived image quality of model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) compared to adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) and filtered back-projection (FBP) in computed tomography (CT) of the kidneys and retroperitoneum.MATERIALS
PMID 24809318

Ultrasound of musculoskeletal soft-tissue tumors superficial to the investing fascia.

Hung EH1, Griffith JF, Hung Ng AW, Lee RK, Lau DT, Leung JC.
AJR. American journal of roentgenology.AJR Am J Roentgenol.2014 Jun;202(6):W532-40. doi: 10.2214/AJR.13.11457.
OBJECTIVE. The objective of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in assessing musculoskeletal soft-tissue tumors superficial to the investing fascia. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Seven hundred fourteen superficial soft-tissue tumors evaluated with ultrasound by two musculoskelet
PMID 24848846

Japanese Journal

下口唇変形に対する2方向性筋膜移植法を用いた半動的再建術 : 簡便なBidirectional/Double fascia graft法の有用性 (特集顔面神経麻痺の治療update) -- (静的再建術(陳旧例))

渡辺頼勝,秋月種高
Pepars (92), 46-55, 2014-08
NAID 40020185681

端座位での側方体重移動時における移動側中殿筋・大腿筋膜張筋・大殿筋上部線維の筋電図積分値

池田幸司,大沼俊博,渡邊裕文 [他]
理学療法科学 29(3), 421-424, 2014-06
NAID 40020142560

顎関節強直症に側頭筋筋膜弁および遊離真皮脂肪移植を用いた顎関節授動術の1例

服部雄紀,栗田賢一,福田幸太 [他]
日本口腔外科学会雑誌 = Japanese journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery 60(5), 262-266, 2014-05
NAID 40020108663

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「筋膜」「帯紋」「帯膜」
拡張検索	「Zabrotes subfasciatus」

「筋膜」

Fascia
	The rectus sheath, an example of a fascia.
Details
Latin	fascia
Precursor	mesenchyme
Identifiers
Gray's	p.376
MeSH	D005205
Dorlands; /Elsevier	f_03/12354757
	Anatomical terminology