調節麻痺剤、毛様体筋麻痺の

関: cycloplegia、mydriatics

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/07/28 09:54:01」(JST)

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Cycloplegia is paralysis of the ciliary muscle of the eye, resulting in a loss of accommodation.^[1] Because of the paralysis of the ciliary muscle, the curvature of the lens can no longer be adjusted to focus on nearby objects. This results in similar problems as those caused by presbyopia, in which the lens has lost elasticity and can also no longer focus on close-by objects. Cycloplegia with accompanying mydriasis (dilation of pupil) is usually due to topical application of muscarinic antagonists such as atropine and cyclopentolate.

Anatomy

The iris is the heavily pigmented coloured part of the eye. It has a contractile diaphragm in front of the lens with a central opening called the pupil. It is located between the lens and the cornea, and is attached radially to the ciliary body and the cornea via ligaments called pectinate ligaments.

The iris contains two sets of muscles:

a radial group for enlargement of the pupil (dilator pupillae)
a circular group set to decrease pupil size on contraction (sphincter pupillae).

The muscles regulate the amount of light entering the eye. The sphincter pupillae is stimulated through muscarinic receptors by the parasympathetic nervous system. The dilator pupillae is stimulated through noradrenergic receptors by the sympathetic nervous system.

Cycloplegic medication

Cycloplegic drugs are generally muscarinic receptor blockers. These include atropine, cyclopentolate, homatropine, scopolamine and tropicamide. They are indicated for use in cycloplegic refraction (to paralyze the ciliary muscle in order to determine the true refractive error of the eye) and the treatment of uveitis. All cycloplegics are also mydriatic (pupil dilating) agents and are used as such during eye examination to better visualize the retina.

When cycloplegic drugs are used as a mydriatic to dilate the pupil, the pupil in the normal eye regains its function when the drugs are metabolized or carried away. Some cycloplegic drugs can cause dilation of the pupil for several days. Usually the ones used by ophthalmologists or optometrists wear off in hours, but when the patient leaves the office strong sunglasses are provided for comfort.

References

^ "cycloplegia" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary

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English Journal

Changes in Ocular Parameters and Intraocular Lens Powers in Aging Cycloplegic Eyes.

Özyol P1, Özyol E2, Baldemir E3.
American journal of ophthalmology.Am J Ophthalmol.2017 Jan;173:76-83. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2016.09.032. Epub 2016 Oct 1.
PURPOSE: Age-related changes in lens elasticity and ciliary muscle contractility can affect how ocular parameters respond to cycloplegia, and therefore intraocular lens (IOL) power measurements calculated by formulas using anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), or white-to-white (WtW) fo
PMID 27702623

Phakic posterior chamber intraocular lens for unilateral high myopic amblyopia in Chinese pediatric patients.

Zhang J1, Li JR2, Chen ZD2, Yu MB2, Yu KM2.
International journal of ophthalmology.Int J Ophthalmol.2016 Dec 18;9(12):1790-1797. doi: 10.18240/ijo.2016.12.15. eCollection 2016.
AIM: To assess the outcomes of posterior chamber implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation in Chinese pediatric patients with unilateral high myopic amblyopia.METHODS: Eleven eyes of 11 amblyopic patients aged 11.02±3.34y underwent ICL (model V4, Staar Surgical Inc.) implantation to treat unilat
PMID 28003981

Distribution of Ocular Component Measures and Refraction in Brazilian School Children.

Lira RP1,2, Arieta CE1, Passos TH1, Maziero D1, Astur GL1, Espírito Santo ÍF1, Bertolani AC1, Pozzi LF1, de Castro RS1, Ferraz ÁA2.
Ophthalmic epidemiology.Ophthalmic Epidemiol.2016 Dec 14:1-7. [Epub ahead of print]
PURPOSE: To describe ocular component values and refraction in 6-17-year-old school children in Campinas, Brazil.METHODS: To obtain a representative sample, a total of 1100 6-17-year-old public school students in Campinas, Brazil, were randomly selected and divided into groups according to median ag
PMID 27960581

Japanese Journal

調節麻痺薬が乱視度数に及ぼす影響

眼科臨床紀要 9(6), 485-488, 2016
NAID 40020882131

光干渉式眼軸長測定装置を用いた小児の眼球屈折予測と不同視弱視検出 (第71回日本弱視斜視学会(2)) -- (学術展示小児視機能・弱視)

眼科臨床紀要 9(2), 141-145, 2016
NAID 40020737308

学術展示眼軸長と角膜曲率半径による調節麻痺下等価球面屈折値の推測 (第69回日本弱視斜視学会(2))

眼科臨床紀要 7(2), 136-138, 2014
NAID 40019977922

Related Pictures

$The Cycloplegic Refraction: What, Why, Who$

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「調節麻痺剤」「毛様体筋麻痺」
拡張検索	「cycloplegic refraction」

「調節麻痺剤」

Cycloplegia
	Dilated pupil (mydriasis) caused by cyclopentolate instilled into both eyes
Classification and external resources
Specialty	ophthalmology
ICD-10	H52.5
ICD-9-CM	367.51
DiseasesDB	17379
	[edit on Wikidata]

　　[★]

英: cycloplegic
関: 毛様体筋麻痺、散瞳薬

「毛様体筋麻痺」

　　[★]

英: cycloplegia、cycloplegic
関: 調節麻痺剤

「cycloplegic refraction」

　　[★]

調節麻痺下屈折検査、調節麻痺下屈折度、毛様体筋麻痺性屈折

[1] "cycloplegia" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary

v t e Ophthalmologicals: mydriasis and cycloplegia (S01F)
Anticholinergics/antimuscarinics	Atropine Scopolamine Methylscopolamine Cyclopentolate Homatropine Tropicamide
Sympathomimetics	Phenylephrine Ephedrine Ibopamine

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cycloplegic