出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/12/05 04:01:56」(JST)
| Cyclopentadiene | |||
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Systematic name
Cyclopenta-1,3-diene[1] |
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Other names
Pentole[citation needed] |
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| Identifiers | |||
| Abbreviations | CPD, HCp | ||
| CAS number | 542-92-7 Y | ||
| PubChem | 7612 | ||
| ChemSpider | 7330 Y | ||
| UNII | 5DFH9434HF Y | ||
| EC number | 208-835-4 | ||
| MeSH | 1,3-cyclopentadiene | ||
| ChEBI | CHEBI:30664 Y | ||
| RTECS number | GY1000000 | ||
| Beilstein Reference | 471171 | ||
| Gmelin Reference | 1311 | ||
| Jmol-3D images | Image 1 | ||
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SMILES
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InChI
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| Properties | |||
| Molecular formula | C5H6 | ||
| Molar mass | 66.10 g mol−1 | ||
| Appearance | Colourless liquid | ||
| Density | 0.786 g cm−3 | ||
| Melting point | −90 °C; −130 °F; 183 K | ||
| Boiling point | 39 to 43 °C; 102 to 109 °F; 312 to 316 K | ||
| Acidity (pKa) | 16 | ||
| Basicity (pKb) | -2 | ||
| Structure | |||
| Molecular shape | Planar[2] | ||
| Thermochemistry | |||
| Specific heat capacity C |
115.3 J K−1 mol−1 | ||
| Std molar entropy S |
182.7 J K−1 mol−1 | ||
| Hazards | |||
| Flash point | 25 °C (77 °F; 298 K) | ||
| Related compounds | |||
| Related hydrocarbons | Benzene Cyclobutadiene |
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| Related compounds | Dicyclopentadiene | ||
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa) | |||
| Y (verify) (what is: Y/N?) | |||
| Infobox references | |||
Cyclopentadiene is an organic compound with the formula C5H6. This colorless liquid has a strong and unpleasant odor. At room temperature, this cyclic diene dimerizes over the course of hours to give dicyclopentadiene via a Diels–Alder reaction. This dimer can be restored by heating to give the monomer.
The compound is mainly used for the production of cyclopentene and its derivatives. It is popularly used as a precursor to the cyclopentadienyl ligand (Cp) in cyclopentadienyl complexes in organometallic chemistry.[3]
Cyclopentadiene production is usually not distinguished from dicyclopentadiene since they are interconverted. They are obtained from coal tar (about 10 – 20 g/ton) and by steam cracking of Naphtha (about 14 kg/ton).[4] To obtain cyclopentadiene monomer, commercial dicyclopentadiene is cracked by heating to ~ 180 °C. The monomer is collected by distillation, and used soon thereafter.[5]
The hydrogen atoms in cyclopentadiene undergo rapid [1,5]-sigmatropic shifts as indicated by 1H NMR spectra recorded at various temperatures.[6] Even more fluxional are the derivatives C5H5E(CH3)3 (E = Si, Ge, Sn), wherein the heavier element migrates from carbon to carbon with a low activation barrier.
Famously, cyclopentadiene dimerizes via a reversible Diels–Alder reaction. The conversion occurs in hours at room temperature, but the monomer can be stored for days at −20 °C.[4]
| Relative rate | Temperature (°C) |
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| 0.05 | _20 |
| 0.5 | 0 |
| 3.5 | 25 |
| 15 | 40 |
Cyclopentadiene readily undergoes other Diels–Alder reactions with dienophiles such as 1,4-benzoquinone.[7] Cycloaddition of O2 gives the bicyclic peroxide.
The compound is unusually acidic (pKa 16) for a hydrocarbon, a fact explained by the high stability of the aromatic cyclopentadienyl anion, C5H5−. Simple compounds of this anion (such as the commercially available sodium cyclopentadienide) are often depicted as salts, although the free anion is not present in appreciable quantities in solution.[citation needed] Deprotonation can be achieved with a variety of bases, typically sodium hydride or even sodium metal. The anion serves as a nucleophile in organic synthesis, the preparation of modified cyclopentadienyl ligands, and metallocenes, described in the next section.
Metallocenes and related cyclopentadienyl derivatives have been heavily investigated and represent a cornerstone of organometallic chemistry owing to their high stability. Indeed, the first metallocene characterised, ferrocene, was prepared the way many other metallocenes are prepared: by combining alkali metal derivatives of the form MC5H5 with dihalides of the transition metals:[9] As typical example, nickelocene forms upon treating nickel(II) chloride with sodium cyclopentadiene in THF.[10]
Organometallic complexes that include both the cyclopentadienyl anion and cyclopentadiene itself are known, one example of which is the rhodocene derivative produced from the rhodocene monomer in protic solvents.[11]
Cyclopentadiene is mainly useful as a precursor to cyclopentene and related monomers such as ethylidenenorbornene. Such species are used in the production of specialty polymers. Cyclopentadienyl complexes serve as reagents in organic synthesis. It was also used as the starting material in Leo Paquette's 1982 dodecahedrane synthesis.[12] The first step involved reductive dimerization of the molecule to give dihydrofulvalene, not simple addition to give dicyclopentadiene.
The commonly used abbreviation of the cyclopentadienyl anion is Cp. The abbreviation played a part in the naming of copernicium: the original proposal for the element's symbol was also Cp, but because of the abbreviation for this anion and the fact that lutetium was originally named cassiopeium and had Cp for the symbol as well, the symbol for copernicium was changed to Cn.[13]
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| リンク元 | 「シクロペンタジエン」「cyclopentane」「cyclopentene」 |