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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/12/17 22:33:02」(JST)
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- 1. 新生児の評価 assessment of the newborn infant
- 2. 小児における身体的診察：HEENT the pediatric physical examination heent
- 3. 小児におけるくる病の概要 overview of rickets in children
- 4. 小児および思春期におけるビタミンD不足および欠乏 vitamin d insufficiency and deficiency in children and adolescents
- 5. 小児の栄養障害と関連した微量栄養素欠乏 micronutrient deficiencies associated with malnutrition in children
English Journal
- [Updates on rickets and osteomalacia: guidelines for diagnosis of rickets and osteomalacia].
- Ohata Y, Ozono K.Author information Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.AbstractRickets and osteomalacia are disorders of calcification characterized by defects of bone and cartilage mineralization during growth, and bone mineralization in adults, respectively. The specific x-ray findings including a cupping, flaring, and fraying of metaphysis and the elevation of the level of serum alkaline phosphatase are essential for the diagnosis of rickets. In addition, hypophosphatemia, hypocalcemia, and some symptoms including born deformity, spinal curvature, craniotabes, enlargement of the anterior fontanel, rachitic rosary, and joint swelling are also important. Clinicians need to consider the different normal ranges of the levels of serum alkaline phosphatase and phosphate depending on their patient's age when they diagnose their childhood patients. In contrast, the radiographic diagnosis of osteomalacia is difficult. The hypophosphatemia or hypocalcemia and the elevation of serum bone alkaline phosphatase are essential for the diagnosis of osteomalacia. Moreover, some clinical features including muscle weakness and bone pain, the decrease of bone density, and the finding of multiple uptake in bone scintigraphy or of the pseudofracture in bone x-ray study are also important. It is very useful for the differential diagnosis to measure the serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D and fibroblast growth factor 23.
- Clinical calcium.Clin Calcium.2013 Oct;23(10):1421-8. doi: CliCa131014211428.
- Rickets and osteomalacia are disorders of calcification characterized by defects of bone and cartilage mineralization during growth, and bone mineralization in adults, respectively. The specific x-ray findings including a cupping, flaring, and fraying of metaphysis and the elevation of the level of
- PMID 24076639
- Clinical, biochemical, and radiological manifestations of vitamin D deficiency in newborns presented with hypocalcemia.
- Soliman A, Salama H, Alomar S, Shatla E, Ellithy K, Bedair E.Author information Department of Pediatrics, Women's Hospital, Hamad Medical Center, Doha, Qatar.AbstractINTRODUCTION: The Clinical and radiological manifestations of newborns with severe VDD have not been studied well.
- Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism.Indian J Endocrinol Metab.2013 Jul;17(4):697-703. doi: 10.4103/2230-8210.113764.
- INTRODUCTION: The Clinical and radiological manifestations of newborns with severe VDD have not been studied well.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied the clinical, biochemical, and radiological manifestations of 10 full-term (FT) newborns (6: M, 4: F) infant presented to with symptomatic hypocalcemia
- PMID 23961489
- Nutritional rickets around the world.
- Prentice A.Author information MRC Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom. ann.prentice@mrc-hnr.cam.ac.ukAbstractNutritional rickets is a major public health problem in many countries of the world. The disease is characterized by deformities of the long bones, enlargement of the wrists and costochondral junctions, hypotonia and, in infants, craniotabes and delayed fontanelle closure. Predominantly caused by severe vitamin D deficiency, rickets can also be associated with hypocalcemic seizures and cardiac failure. First presentation is typically at 6-24 months of age, although hypocalcemia may be evident in younger infants. In many affluent industrialized countries, the prevalence of rickets in the general population diminished after the introduction of clean-air legislation and dietary supplementation. However, in such countries, vitamin-D deficiency rickets has re-emerged in recent years, particularly among groups with limited exposure to UVB-containing sunshine. Infants at risk of rickets tend to be those whose mothers had poor vitamin D status during pregnancy and those exclusively breast-fed for a prolonged period with little skin exposure to UVB. In other countries of the world, the prevalence of rickets can be high, even in regions with abundant year-round UVB-containing sunshine. In general, this is also due to vitamin D deficiency related to limited sun exposure. However, reports from Africa and Asia suggest that there may be other etiological factors involved. Studies in South Africa, Nigeria, The Gambia and Bangladesh have identified rickets in children, typically 3-5 years old at first presentation, in whom plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are higher than those characteristic of primary vitamin D deficiency. Calcium deficiency has been implicated, and in some, but not all, disturbances of phosphate metabolism, renal compromise and iron deficiency may also be involved. Continuing studies of the etiology of nutritional rickets will provide evidence to underpin guidelines for the prevention and treatment of rickets world-wide. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Vitamin D Workshop'.
- The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology.J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol.2013 Jul;136:201-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.11.018. Epub 2012 Dec 7.
- Nutritional rickets is a major public health problem in many countries of the world. The disease is characterized by deformities of the long bones, enlargement of the wrists and costochondral junctions, hypotonia and, in infants, craniotabes and delayed fontanelle closure. Predominantly caused by se
- PMID 23220549
Japanese Journal
- 母体への硫酸マグネシウム長期投与による骨代謝異常を疑われた成熟新生児の1例
- 山崎 肇
- 日本周産期・新生児医学会雑誌 = Journal of Japan Society of Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine 41(1), 89-92, 2005-04-01
- NAID 10015529516
Related Links
- Craniotabes is the finding of a softening or thinning of the skull, which may be normally present in newborns. It is seen mostly in the occipital and parietal bones . The bone is soft and when pressure is applied they will collapse underneath it.
- Causes. Craniotabes can be a normal finding in infants, especially premature infants. Studies suggest it occurs in up to one third of all newborn infants. Craniotabes is a harmless finding in the newborn, unless it is associated with other ...
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