cranial nerve VIII

第VIII脳神経

関

eighth cranial nerve、vestibulocochlear nerve

WordNet

1. any bundle of nerve fibers running to various organs and tissues of the body (同)nervus
2. of or relating to the cranium which encloses the brain; "cranial pressure"
3. control of your emotions; "this kind of tension is not good for my nerves"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈C〉『神経』 / 〈C〉《複数形で》『神経過敏』,いらだち / 〈U〉『勇気』,度胸(courage) / 〈U〉《時にa ~》厚かましさ,ずぶとさ;無礼 / 〈C〉葉脈;(昆虫の)翅脈(しみゃく) / 〈人,特に自分〉‘に'力を与える,‘を'元気づける
2. 頭蓋(ずがい)の
3. Virgin Islands

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/09/30 11:16:49」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

Vestibulocochlear nerve
The course and connections of the facial nerve in the temporal bone
Inferior view of the human brain, with the cranial nerves labelled.
Details
To	Cochlear nerve, vestibular nerve
Identifiers
Latin	Nervus vestibulocochlearis
MeSH	A08.800.800.120.910
TA	A14.2.01.121
FMA	50869
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy

Cranial nerves
CN 0 – Terminal CN I – Olfactory CN II – Optic CN III – Oculomotor CN IV – Trochlear CN V – Trigeminal CN VI – Abducens CN VII – Facial CN VIII – Vestibulocochlear CN IX – Glossopharyngeal CN X – Vagus CN XI – Accessory CN XII – Hypoglossal
Overview Table

The vestibulocochlear nerve (auditory vestibular nerve), known as the eighth cranial nerve, transmits sound and equilibrium (balance) information from the inner ear to the brain.

Structure

The vestibulocochlear nerve consists mostly of bipolar neurons and splits into two large divisions: the cochlear nerve and the vestibular nerve.

The cochlear nerve travels away from the cochlea of the inner ear where it starts as the spiral ganglia. Processes from the organ of Corti conduct afferent transmission to the spiral ganglia. It is the inner hair cells of the organ of Corti that are responsible for activation of afferent receptors in response to pressure waves reaching the basilar membrane through the transduction of sound. The exact mechanism by which sound is transmitted by the neurons of the cochlear nerve is uncertain; the two competing theories are place theory and temporal theory.

The vestibular nerve travels from the vestibular system of the inner ear. The vestibular ganglion houses the cell bodies of the bipolar neurons and extends processes to five sensory organs. Three of these are the cristae located in the ampullae of the semicircular canals. Hair cells of the cristae activate afferent receptors in response to rotational acceleration. The other two sensory organs supplied by the vestibular neurons are the maculae of the saccule and utricle. Hair cells of the maculae in the utricle activate afferent receptors in response to linear acceleration while hair cells of the maculae in the saccule respond to vertically directed linear force.

Development

The vestibulocochlear nerve is derived from the embryonic otic placode.

Function

This is the nerve along which the sensory cells (the hair cells) of the inner ear transmit information to the brain. It consists of the cochlear nerve, carrying information about hearing, and the vestibular nerve, carrying information about balance. It emerges from the pontomedullary junction and exits the inner skull via the internal acoustic meatus (or internal auditory meatus) in the temporal bone.

The vestibulocochlear nerve carries axons of type SSA, special somatic afferent, which carry the modalities of hearing and equilibrium.

Clinical significance

Symptoms of damage

Damage to the vestibulocochlear nerve may cause the following symptoms:

• hearing loss
• vertigo
• false sense of motion
• loss of equilibrium (in dark places)
• nystagmus
• motion sickness
• gaze-evoked tinnitus.

Examination

Examinations that can be done include the Rinne test and the Weber test. Rinne's test involves Rinne's Right Test and Rinne's Left Test since auditory acuity is equal in both ears. If Bone Conduction(BC) is more than Air Conduction(AC) i.e BC>AC indicates Rinne Test is negative or abnormal. If AC>BC Rinne test is normal or positive. If BC>AC and Weber's test lateralizes to abnormal side then it is Conductive hearing loss. If AC>BC and Weber's test lateralizes to normal side then it concludes Sensorineural hearing loss.

History

Etymology

Some older texts call the nerve the acoustic or auditory nerve, but these terms have fallen out of widespread use because they fail to recognize the nerve's role in the vestibular system. Vestibulocochlear nerve is therefore preferred by most.

See also

This article uses anatomical terminology; for an overview, see Anatomical terminology.

• Auditory system

Additional images

• Vestibulocochlear nerve

• Superficial dissection of brain-stem. Ventral view.

• Dissection showing the projection fibers of the cerebellum.

• Hind- and mid-brains; postero-lateral view.

• Upper part of medulla spinalis and hind- and mid-brains; posterior aspect, exposed in situ.

• Position of the right bony labyrinth of the ear in the skull, viewed from above.

• Vestibulo-ocular reflex

• Vestibulocochlear nerve

External links

• MedEd at Loyola GrossAnatomy/h_n/cn/cn1/cn8.htm
• cranialnerves at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (VIII)
• Notes on Vestibulocochlear Nerve

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 成人における詳細な神経学的検査 the detailed neurologic examination in adults
• 2. ベル麻痺：成人における病因、臨床的特徴、および診断 bells palsy pathogenesis clinical features and diagnosis in adults
• 3. 成人における第三脳神経（動眼神経）麻痺 third cranial nerve oculomotor nerve palsy in adults
• 4. 頭頚部手術で行う麻酔 anesthesia for head and neck surgery
• 5. 小児における第4脳神経（滑車神経）麻痺 fourth cranial nerve trochlear nerve palsy in children

English Journal

• Post-contrast 3D-FLAIR in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

• Wang J, Ren T, Sun W, Liang Q, Wang W.
• European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 2019 May;276(5)1291-1299.
• Our study investigated correlations between clinical characteristics, particularly hearing recovery, interval time between onset and three-dimensional fluid attenuation inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging (3D-FLAIR MRI), and the signal intensity of post-contrast 3D-FLAIR MRI in patients wi
• PMID 30747317

• [ADANO recommendations for the selection of target parameters and measurement processes for use of auditory evoked potentials, otoacoustic emissions, and impedance audiometry in clinical trials : Prepared by the consortium ERA (AG-ERA) of ADANO. Confirmed by the board of ADANO on 18 January 2019. German version].

• Rahne T, Dziemba O, Lodwig A, Polterauer D, Thie R, Walger M, Wesarg T, Hoth S.
• HNO. 2019 May;67(5)385-388.
• PMID 31020364

• Duplicated Internal Auditory Canal: High-Resolution CT and MRI Findings.

• Wang L, Zhang L, Li X, Guo X.
• Korean journal of radiology. 2019 May;20(5)823-829.
• To summarize the high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (HRMRI) features of duplicated internal auditory canals (DIACs). Ear HRCT data of 64813 patients with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), obtained between August 2009 and November 2017, were reviewed. Among the
• PMID 30993933

Japanese Journal

• 多発脳神経症状を呈したHunt症候群の再発より診断し得たHIV陽性例

• 菱村 祐介,篠原 宏,清水 啓成,吉田 沙絵子,中野 光花
• 耳鼻咽喉科臨床 112(1), 19-23, 2019
• … <p>Ramsay Hunt syndrome (Hunt syndrome) is characterized by herpetic lesions on the face, combined with VII and VIII cranial nerve involvement. …
• NAID 130007541898

• 症例報告 Anti–Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody関連血管炎性中耳炎によりGarcin症候群を合併した1例

• 水野 貴文,波田野 琢,佐々木 芙悠子,王子 悠,仲野 総一郎,田村 直人,服部 信孝
• 神経治療学 35(1), 27-32, 2018
• <p>症例は62歳男性．突然の眼痛で発症．強膜炎およびmyeloperoxidase anti–neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody（MPO–ANCA）陽性であり，ANCA関連血管炎が疑われた．Prednisolone（PSL）で治療されたが，MPO–ANCA上昇に伴い頭痛，左顔面感覚障害，嚥下時違和感が出現し，さらに左混合性難聴，間質性肺炎を合併し，顕微鏡的 …
• NAID 130007396437

• 聴神経生検にて診断に至ったneurolymphomatosisの1例

• 浅野目 明日香,鹿野 耕平,髙橋 佳恵,齋藤 司,澤田 潤,片山 隆行
• 臨床神経学 58(2), 93-99, 2018
• … 痺の診断でステロイドを投与し症状は消失したが，約4か月後に左兎眼が出現した．再度ステロイド投与したが左V・IX・X神経障害も出現した．脳MRIで両側VII・VIIIと右VI，左IX・X神経に造影効果を認めpositron emission tomography（PET）では左VII・VIII・IX・X神経と左頸部リンパ節に集積を認めた．脳脊髄液検査では細胞蛋白の上昇を認めたが細胞診では陰性であった．左聾・右VI神経麻痺も出現したため左聴 …
• NAID 130006405631

Related Links

• Cranial Nerve VIII | Clinical Gate

The eighth cranial nerve (CN-VIII) is actually composed of two separate portions: the vestibular and cochlear nerves (vestibulocochlear nerve). The vestibular nerve is responsible for efferent and afferent fibers that control balance and

• Definition of Cranial nerve VIII - MedicineNet

Cranial nerve VIII: The eighth cranial nerve is the vestibulocochlear nerve. The vestibulocochlear nerve is responsible for the sense of hearing and it is also pertinent to balance, to the body position sense. Problems with thetinnitus ,

• Cranial Nerve VIII

Cranial nerve VIII brings sound and information about one's position and movement in space into the brain. The auditory and vestibular systems subserve several functions basic to clinical medicine and to psychiatry. This article covers the basics of cranial ...

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「eighth cranial nerve」「第VIII脳神経」
関連記事	「cranial」「nerve」

「eighth cranial nerve」

　　[★]

第VIII脳神経、第8脳神経、第八脳神経

関

cranial nerve VIII、vestibulocochlear nerve

「第VIII脳神経」

　　[★]

英

cranial nerve VIII、eighth cranial nerve

関

内耳神経、第8脳神経、第八脳神経

「cranial」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 頭蓋の、頭側の

関

cephalad、crania、cranium、rostral、skull

　 　

「nerve」

　　[★]

• n.

• 神経

関

nervi、nervous、nervus、neural、neuro、neuron