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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/17 05:52:39」(JST)
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A coactivator is a protein that increases gene expression by binding to an activator (transcription factor) which contains a DNA binding domain. The coactivator is unable to bind DNA by itself.[1][2][3]
The coactivator can enhance transcription initiation by stabilizing the formation of the RNA polymerase holoenzyme enabling faster clearance of the promoter. Coactivators may control many other substeps of transcription, including elongation, RNA splicing, and termination and degradation of the coactivator-activator complex.
Some coactivators possess intrinsic histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity, which acetylates histones and causes chromatin to relax in a limited region allowing increased access to the DNA. CBP and p300 are examples of coactivators with HAT activity. Numerous other enzyme activities have been reported among the 300 known coactivators for nuclear receptors.[4] The most well known of these are SRC-1, SRC-2, and SRC-3. Coactivators work in high molecular weight complexes of 6-10 coactivator and coactivator-associated proteins (termed co-coactivators).
The same coactivator will likely be used to increase transcription of many different genes, since it is the activator that provides the specificity to a particular sequence. Recent evidence indicates that coactivators may have diverse roles outside of transcription and that they may act as 'master genes' for regulating major cellular and metabolic growth processes.[citation needed]
In humans several dozen to several hundred coactivators are known, depending on the level of confidence with which the characterisation of a protein as a coactivator can be made.[5]
See also
- Transcription coregulator
- TcoF-DB
References
- ^ Näär AM, Lemon BD, Tjian R (2001). "Transcriptional coactivator complexes". Annu. Rev. Biochem. 70: 475–501. doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.70.1.475. PMID 11395415.
- ^ McKenna NJ, O'Malley BW (2002). "Minireview: nuclear receptor coactivators--an update". Endocrinology 143 (7): 2461–5. doi:10.1210/en.143.7.2461. PMID 12072374.
- ^ Xu W (2005). "Nuclear receptor coactivators: the key to unlock chromatin". Biochem. Cell Biol. 83 (4): 418–28. doi:10.1139/o05-057. PMID 16094445.
- ^ "Nuclear Receptor Signalling Atlas". Retrieved 2007-08-10.
- ^ Schaefer U, Schmeier S, Bajic VB (Jan 2011). "TcoF-DB: dragon database for human transcription co-factors and transcription factor interacting proteins". Nucleic Acids Res. 39 (Database issue): D106–10. doi:10.1093/nar/gkq945. PMC 3013796. PMID 20965969.
External links
- Nuclear Receptor Signalling Atlas (NIH-funded research consortium and database; includes open-access PubMed-indexed journal, Nuclear Receptor Signaling)
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Transcription (Bacterial, Eukaryotic)
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|
| Transcriptional regulation |
| prokaryotic |
- Operon
- lac operon
- trp operon
- gab operon
- ara operon
- gal operon
- Repressor
- lac repressor
- trp repressor
|
|
| eukaryotic |
Histone-modifying enzymes
(histone/nucleosome): |
- Histone methylation/Histone methyltransferase
- Histone demethylase
- Histone acetylation and deacetylation
- Histone deacetylase HDAC1
- Histone acetyltransferase
|
|
| DNA methylation: |
|
|
| Chromatin remodeling: |
|
|
|
| both |
- Transcription coregulator
- Inducer
|
|
|
| Promotion |
- Promoter
- Pribnow box
- TATA box
- BRE
- CAAT box
- Response element
- Enhancer
- Insulator
- Silencer
- Internal control region
|
|
Initiation (bacterial,
eukaryotic |
|
|
| Elongation |
- bacterial RNA polymerase: rpoB
- eukaryotic RNA polymerase: RNA polymerase II
|
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Termination
(bacterial,
eukaryotic) |
- Terminator
- Intrinsic termination
- Rho factor
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|
|
Index of genetics
|
|
| Description |
- Gene expression
- DNA
- replication
- cycle
- recombination
- repair
- binding proteins
- Transcription
- factors
- regulators
- nucleic acids
- RNA
- RNA binding proteins
- ribonucleoproteins
- repeated sequence
- modification
- Translation
- ribosome
- modification
- nexins
- Proteins
- domains
- Structure
- primary
- secondary
- tertiary
- quaternary
|
|
| Disease |
- Replication and repair
- Transcription factor
- Transcription
- Translation
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|
|
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Transcription coregulators
|
|
| Coactivators |
- ARA (54, 55, 70)
- BCAS3
- CARM1
- p300-CBP (EP300, CREBBP)
- CRTC (1, 2, 3)
- DRIP/TRAP (MED1 Drip205/Trap220)
- MN1
- PCAF
- PNRC (1, 2)
- PPARGC (1A, 1B)
- TGFB1I1
NCOA1 (SRC-1)
- NCOA2 (GRIP1/SRC-2/TIF2)
- NCOA3 (AIB/SRC-3/TRAM-1)
- NCOA4 (ARA70)
- NCOA5 (CIA)
- NCOA6 (RAP250)
- NCOA7 (ERAP140)
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|
| Corepressors |
- CTBP (1, 2)
- Hairless homolog
- LCOR
- NRIP1 (RIP140)
- PELP-1
- RCOR1
- Rb
- SIN3A
- SIN3B
- Tripartite motif family TRIM (24, 28, 33)
NCOR1
- NCOR2 (SMRT)
|
|
| ATP-dependent remodeling factors |
- Chromatin Structure Remodeling (RSC) Complex
- SWI/SNF
|
|
|
Index of genetics
|
|
| Description |
- Gene expression
- DNA
- replication
- cycle
- recombination
- repair
- binding proteins
- Transcription
- factors
- regulators
- nucleic acids
- RNA
- RNA binding proteins
- ribonucleoproteins
- repeated sequence
- modification
- Translation
- ribosome
- modification
- nexins
- Proteins
- domains
- Structure
- primary
- secondary
- tertiary
- quaternary
|
|
| Disease |
- Replication and repair
- Transcription factor
- Transcription
- Translation
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Transcription Factor Tfe3 Directly Regulates Pgc-1alpha in Muscle.
- Salma N1, Song JS2,3,4, Arany Z5, Fisher DE1.
- Journal of cellular physiology.J Cell Physiol.2015 Oct;230(10):2330-6. doi: 10.1002/jcp.24978.
- The microphthalmia (MiT) family of transcription factors is an important mediator of metabolism. Family members Mitf and Tfeb directly regulate the expression of the master regulator of metabolism, peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (Pgc-1alpha), in melanomas and in
- PMID 25736533
- Dihydromyricetin stimulates irisin secretion partially via the PGC-1α pathway.
- Zhou Q1, Chen K1, Liu P1, Gao Y1, Zou D1, Deng H1, Huang Y1, Zhang Q1, Zhu J1, Mi M2.
- Molecular and cellular endocrinology.Mol Cell Endocrinol.2015 Sep 5;412:349-57. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.05.036. Epub 2015 Jun 6.
- Irisin, derived from FNDC5, is an exercise-induced myokine that can stimulate the 'browning' of white adipose tissue, which is regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1 α (PGC-1α). Dihydromyricetin (DHM), a natural flavonoid, exerts its activities through PGC-1α act
- PMID 26054747
- Apolipoprotein a1 increases mitochondrial biogenesis through AMP-activated protein kinase.
- Song P1, Kwon Y1, Yea K1, Moon HY2, Yoon JH1, Ghim J1, Hyun H3, Kim D1, Koh A1, Berggren PO4, Suh PG2, Ryu SH5.
- Cellular signalling.Cell Signal.2015 Sep;27(9):1873-81. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.05.003. Epub 2015 May 14.
- Apolipoprotein a1, which is a major lipoprotein component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), was reported to decrease plasma glucose in type 2 diabetes. Although recent studies also have shown that apolipoprotein a1 is involved in triglyceride (TG) metabolism, the mechanisms by which apolipoprotein
- PMID 25982508
Japanese Journal
- Cardiac-Specific Inhibition of Kinase Activity in Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Kinase-β Leads to Accelerated Left Ventricular Remodeling and Heart Failure after Transverse Aortic Constriction in Mice
- Watanabe Shin,Horie Takahiro,Nagao Kazuya,Kuwabara Yasuhide,Baba Osamu,Nishi Hitoo,Sowa Naoya,Narazaki Michiko,Matsuda Tetsuya,Takemura Genzou,Wada Hiromichi,Hasegawa Koji,Kimura Takeshi,Ono Koh
- PLoS ONE 9(9), 2014-09-25
- … The expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator (PGC)-1α, which is a downstream target of both of CaMKKβ and calcium/calmodulin kinases, were also significantly reduced in α-MHC CaMKKβ[kd] TG mice compared with WT mice after TAC. …
- NAID 120005496630
- Exercise-induced expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α isoforms in skeletal muscle of endurance-trained males
- Popov Daniil V.,Bachinin Anton V.,Lysenko Evgeny A. [他]
- The journal of physiological sciences 64(5), 317-323, 2014-09
- NAID 40020178413
Related Links
- Nuclear receptor coactivator that directly binds nuclear receptors and stimulates the transcriptional activities in a hormone-dependent fashion. Involved in the coactivation of different nuclear receptors, such as for steroids (PGR, GR ...
- The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional coactivator that can interact with nuclear hormone receptors to enhance their transcriptional activator functions. This protein has been shown to be involved in the hormone ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
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- 英
- coupling factor、coactivator
- 関
- 活性化補助因子、コアクチベーター、コアクティベーター、共活性化因子
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- 英
- coactivator
- 関
- 活性化補助因子、共役因子、コアクチベーター、コアクティベーター
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- 英
- coactivator
- 関
- 共役因子、コアクチベーター、コアクティベーター、共活性化因子
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- 英
- coactivator
- 関
- 活性化補助因子、共役因子、コアクチベーター、共活性化因子
[★]
[★]
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