関: chromosomal inversion

WordNet

a chemical process in which the direction of optical rotation of a substance is reversed from dextrorotatory to levorotary or vice versa
abnormal condition in which an organ is turned inward or inside out (as when the upper part of the uterus is pulled into the cervical canal after childbirth)
the layer of air near the earth is cooler than an overlying layer
the act of turning inside out (同)eversion, everting
a term formerly used to mean taking on the gender role of the opposite sex (同)sexual_inversion
turning upside down; setting on end (同)upending
(counterpoint) a variation of a melody or part in which ascending intervals are replaced by descending intervals and vice versa
(genetics) a kind of mutation in which the order of the genes in a section of a chromosome is reversed
a threadlike strand of DNA in the cell nucleus that carries the genes in a linear order; "humans have 22 chromosome pairs plus two sex chromosomes"

PrepTutorEJDIC

反対,転倒 / (文法で)倒置[法]
染色体

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/16 06:08:55」(JST)

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A clay model showing why heterozygous inversion loops are visible in polytene chromosome preparations

An inversion loop in the A arm of a chromosome from an Axarus species midge

An inversion is a chromosome rearrangement in which a segment of a chromosome is reversed end to end. An inversion occurs when a single chromosome undergoes breakage and rearrangement within itself. Inversions are of two types: paracentric and pericentric.

Paracentric inversions do not include the centromere and both breaks occur in one arm of the chromosome. Pericentric inversions include the centromere and there is a break point in each arm.

Cytogenetic techniques may be able to detect inversions, or inversions may be inferred from genetic analysis. Nevertheless, in most species small inversions go undetected. In insects with polytene chromosomes, for example Drosophila, preparations of larval salivary gland chromosomes allow inversions to be seen when they are heterozygous. This useful characteristic of polytene chromosomes was first advertised by Theophilus Shickel Painter in 1933.^[1]

Inversions usually do not cause any abnormalities in carriers as long as the rearrangement is balanced with no extra or missing DNA. However, in individuals which are heterozygous for an inversion, there is an increased production of abnormal chromatids (this occurs when crossing-over occurs within the span of the inversion). This leads to lowered fertility due to production of unbalanced gametes.

The most common inversion seen in humans is on chromosome 9, at inv(9)(p12q13). This inversion is generally considered to have no harmful effects, but there is some suspicion it could lead to an increased risk for miscarriage or infertility for some affected individuals.^{[citation needed]}

An inversion does not involve a loss of genetic information, but simply rearranges the linear gene sequence.

Families that may be carriers of inversions may be offered genetic counseling and genetic testing.^[2]

References

^ Painter TS (1933). "A new method for the study of chromosome rearrangements and the plotting of chromosome maps". Science 78 (2034): 585–6. doi:10.1126/science.78.2034.585. PMID 17801695.
^ Gardner, R.J.M; Sutherland, Grant R.; Shaffer, Lisa G. (2011). "9 Inversions". Chromosome Abnormalities and Genetic Counseling (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 161–182. ISBN 978-0-19-974915-7.

Lehtonen S, Myllys L, Huttunen S (2009). "Phylogenetic analysis of non-coding plastid DNAthtjtdjj in the presence of short inversions" (PDF-preview). Phytotaxa 1: 3–20. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.1.1.2.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 染色体の転座、欠失、および逆位 chromosomal translocations deletions and inversions
2. 先天異常の遺伝学的および環境的原因 genetic and environmental causes of birth defects
3. 血液悪性腫瘍における細胞遺伝子解析の一般的側面 general aspects of cytogenetic analysis in hematologic malignancies
4. 急性骨髄性白血病における細胞遺伝学 cytogenetics in acute myeloid leukemia
5. 遺伝性疾患の基本原則 basic principles of genetic disease

English Journal

New cryptic karyotypic differences between cattle (Bos taurus) and goat (Capra hircus).

De Lorenzi L1, Planas J, Rossi E, Malagutti L, Parma P.
Chromosome research : an international journal on the molecular, supramolecular and evolutionary aspects of chromosome biology.Chromosome Res.2015 Jun;23(2):225-35. doi: 10.1007/s10577-014-9462-4. Epub 2015 Jan 23.
Cattle (Bos taurus) and goat (Capra hircus) belong to the Bovidae family, and they share a common ancestor 19.7-21.5 Ma ago (MYA). The Bovidae family apparently experienced a rapid species radiation in the middle Miocene. The present day cattle and goat possess the same diploid chromosome number (2
PMID 25612562

Studies on the function and catalytic mechanism of O-methyltransferases SviOMT02, SviOMT03 and SviOMT06 from Streptomyces virginiae IBL14.

Zhang Y1, Han MZ1, Zhu SL1, Li M1, Dong X1, Luo XC1, Kong Z1, Lu YX1, Wang SY1, Tong WY2.
Enzyme and microbial technology.Enzyme Microb Technol.2015 Jun;73-74:72-9. doi: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.03.006. Epub 2015 Apr 30.
To identify the fuctions of the nine putative O-methyltransferase genes in Streptomyces virginiae IBL14, the evolutionary and functional relationship of these genes in its 8.0 Mb linear chromosome was set up via sequence comparison with those of other Streptomyces species. Further, the functions and
PMID 26002507

Induction of crossover by introduction of aro554:Tn10 into Salmonella chromosome.

Saxena M, Smooker PM, Coloe PJ1.
Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition).Front Biosci (Elite Ed).2015 Jun 1;7:423-33.
One of the ancient methods for the generation of bacterial mutants was to insert the composite transposable elements (e.g. Tn10) flanked by desired gene sequences, into the bacterial chromosome. This mechanism of DNA integrating into a chromosome can sometimes not only lead to the creation of desire
PMID 25961422

Japanese Journal

ISP-34-4 Studies on the chromosomal abnormality in patients with recurrent abortion and the prognosis of patients with inversion (9) of chromosome(Group 34 Infertility/Recurrent Pregnancy Loss,International Session Poster)